{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T11:40:00Z","timestamp":1792755600291,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":132,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Environmental changes and human activities such as deforestation and expansion of agricultural land are increasing tick\u2010borne diseases including Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, Ehrlichiosis, and Theileriosis. These diseases, which affect animals, can be transmitted to humans through tick bites. Kiambu County\u2032s warm, wet climate provides an environment conducive to tick breeding and development. This study investigated the circulation and genetic diversity of\n                    <jats:italic>Theileria parva<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in tick samples collected from Kiambu County, Kenya. Ticks were collected from cattle, goats, and sheep using animal grooming methods and morphologically identified and organized into 129 pools. Total DNA was extracted from tick pools using the sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction method. The 18S rRNA hypervariable region was amplified for\n                    <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic>\n                    detection, and the 16S rRNA gene was used for\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. detection. A total of 716 ticks were collected, with\n                    <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 585, 81.7%) being the most abundant species. Molecular analysis indicated the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8 pools of\n                    <jats:italic>Rh. e. evertsi. Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    species was detected in three pools of\n                    <jats:italic>Rh. e. evertsi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , one pool of\n                    <jats:italic>A. variegatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and one pool of\n                    <jats:italic>H. truncatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Phylogenetic analysis revealed that eight\n                    <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic>\n                    samples clustered closely with isolates from Uganda and Mexico, suggesting potential historical or ecological links between regional isolates and international strains, although direct transmission cannot be confirmed. For\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., phylogenetic analysis identified\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma ovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in ticks collected from cattle and sheep, including\n                    <jats:italic>Rh. e. evertsi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. Variegatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>H. truncatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified within the\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences. The findings emphasize the importance of continued molecular surveillance of tick\u2010borne pathogens, characterization, and the development of targeted tick control measures to mitigate the impact of tick\u2010borne diseases in livestock.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/5577637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T13:44:14Z","timestamp":1778679854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic Diversity of\n                    <i>Theileria parva<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Anaplasma<\/i>\n                    spp. Isolated From Ticks Collected From Kiambu County, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1087-3916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Gichuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5078-2205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Wasonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0216-9967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Adhiambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8507-2024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Lutomiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","volume-title":"2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census\u2009: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics","author":"Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13570-019-0144-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","volume-title":"Africa Sustainable Livestock 2050 Africa Sustainable Livestock (ASL) 2050 Livestock and livelihoods spotlight - Kenya. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and United States Agency for International Development (USAID).","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/2.1.1115.6481"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","volume-title":"Diversity of Ticks and Tick-Borne Protozoan Parasites From Livestock and Wildebeests at the Maasai-Mara Wildlife- Livestock Interface","author":"Mukolwe S. A.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00064"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/3200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","volume-title":"GUIDE TO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES Integrated Pest Management Plant Protection Programs College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources","author":"Houseman R. M.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","volume-title":"Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa: A Guide to Identification of Species","author":"Walker A. 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