{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T08:53:13Z","timestamp":1791449593702,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":280,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Huangkui capsule (HKC), derived from the ethanol extract of\n                      <jats:italic>Abelmoschus manihot<\/jats:italic>\n                      (L.) flowers, is widely used in China for treating kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Our previous study demonstrated that HKC modulates the intestinal microbiota and circulating metabolites in non\u2010obese diabetic mice, a type 1 diabetes model. To further explore its efficacy, we evaluated HKC in\n                      <jats:italic>db\/db<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice, a well\u2010established type 2 diabetes and DN model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An HKC cohort studied in 2022 was compared with historical Ctrl and DN cohorts studied in 2021. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed to characterize intestinal microbiota changes, while liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS)\u2010based plasma metabolomics was used to identify alterations in circulating metabolites. The biological functions of the altered microbiota and plasma metabolites were analyzed, and the potential association between the intestinal microbiome and plasma metabolome was evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with the historical DN cohort, the HKC cohort had higher abundances of\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Massilimaliae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and lower abundances of\n                      <jats:italic>Alloprevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotellamassilia<\/jats:italic>\n                      in exploratory comparisons. In the HKC\u2010versus\u2010DN comparison, the archived gene set enrichment analysis reported 15 pathways with nominal positive enrichment. Additionally, 12 plasma metabolites were upregulated and 14 downregulated, including branched\u2010chain amino acids (DL\u2010leucine, DL\u2010valine, D\u2010isoleucine), organic acids (N\u2010methyl\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010aminoisobutyric acid, guanidineacetic acid), and choline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In\n                      <jats:italic>db\/db<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice, the cohort receiving\n                      <jats:italic>A. manihot<\/jats:italic>\n                      (L.)\u2010derived HKC had lower urinary albumin\u2010to\u2010creatinine ratio (UACR) and different intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolite profiles than the historical DN cohort, highlighting its therapeutic potential for DN.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/5630909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T08:25:05Z","timestamp":1791447905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gut Microbiota Modulation by Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Improves Circulating Metabolites and Alleviates Diabetic Nephropathy in db\/db Mice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0143-0400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medicine School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing Jiangsu Province China  cpu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2271-5245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medicine School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing Jiangsu Province China  cpu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4904-6728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongmei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medicine School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing Jiangsu Province China  cpu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medicine School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing Jiangsu Province China  cpu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4578-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harvest F.","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medicine School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical 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