{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T21:20:11Z","timestamp":1783632011763,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":220,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Polymer\u2010encapsulated nanocomposite has been proven to have ameliorative effects in the treatment of cancer. The focused objective of the present research is to fabricate polyethylene glycol (PEG)\u2013based\n                    <jats:italic>Cassia fistula<\/jats:italic>\n                    flower selenium nanocomposite (CFF\u2010SeNC). The fabricated CFF\u2010SeNC was characterised using a UV\u2010visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)\u2013energy dispersive x\u2010ray (EDX), and x\u2010ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis. The highest UV\u2010visible absorption spectra were at 355\u2009nm. The oval\u2010shaped, less agglomerated nanocomposite with a rough surface was seen in the SEM results with the elemental composition of carbon, oxygen, and selenium. The XRD analysis results showed the crystalline form of CFF\u2010SeNC. The potency of CFF\u2010SeNC against pathogenic bacteria and fungi proved that CFF\u2010SeNC is effective against the tested fungi\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The antioxidative assays\u2014DPPH, ABTS, and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    of CFF\u2010SeNC\u2014revealed the inhibition percent of 85.51\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00b1 0.79\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 90.53\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00b1 0.90\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and 84.87\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00b1 0.80\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    at maximum concentration (50\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/mL), respectively. The anti\u2010inflammatory efficiency of CFF\u2010SeNC was found to be 80.61\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00b1 0.87\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 87.78\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00b1 0.88\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    by egg albumin denaturation and HRBCs (human red blood cells) membrane stabilisation assay. The biocompatible nature of CFF\u2010SeNC was tested by brine shrimp lethality activity, which proved that at 48\u2009h, the minimal dose was not toxic; however, mild toxicity was shown at a higher dosage. The anticancer studies of CFF\u2010SeNC in HepG2 cells were active in inhibiting 50% of cells (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value) at 27.30\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/mL. HepG2 cells depicted predominant morphological changes upon treatment with CFF\u2010SeNC, whereas there was no alteration in\n                    <jats:italic>Vero<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells. The elaborative study on determining the phases of cell apoptosis was further analysed by fluorescence microscopy, cell cycle arrest, and Annexin V\/propidium iodide staining through flow cytometric analysis. The outcome of current research has corroborated the enhanced therapeutical efficiency of PEG\u2010encapsulated selenium nanocomposite with emphasis on the apoptotic effect in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cells).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/6212199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T14:05:46Z","timestamp":1754748346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In Vitro Assessment of Apoptotic and Cell Cycle Arrest Analysis on HepG2 Cells by Polyethylene Glycol\u2013Coupled Selenium Nanocomposite Fabricated From\n                    <i>Cassia fistula<\/i>\n                    Flowers"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Senthamaraikannan","family":"Yasodha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4319-1575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sundaram","family":"Vickram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7059-8894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanmugam","family":"Rajeshkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8867-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitesh","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8332-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tabarak","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/kjms.v4i1.51600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c02225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533608314532"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13021071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.101823"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38039-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14020451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-019-1999-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"The Effect of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Coating on the Magneto-Structural Properties and Colloidal Stability of CO0. 8Mg0. 2Fe2O4 Nanoparticles for Potential Biomedical Applications","volume":"11","author":"Ehi-Eromosele C. O.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crgsc.2021.100089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165194"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"A 96 Well-Microtiter Plate Abts Based Assay for Estimation of Antioxidant Activity in Green Leafy Vegetables","volume":"12","author":"Indracanti M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotechnology International"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10971-023-06231-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04552-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5742981"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2023.110787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200406083035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11164-021-04559-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154593"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.684857"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmcr.2024.100168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11040510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13684"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.3c00458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S460047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/NBE.2023.9290013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jcd.jcd_369_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22159\/ijcpr.2017v9i4.20981"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106740"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","first-page":"1472","article-title":"Green Synthesis of Terminalia arjuna-Mediated Selenium Nanoparticles: Characterisation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Nanogel for Enhanced Wound Healing","volume":"34","author":"Vijayalakshmi R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c04311"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1376998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmt.2023.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.111469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33448"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202100402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemin.2022.100019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf403564s"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TB02710A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b03172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126641"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA25109E"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bmri\/6212199","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/bmri\/6212199","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bmri\/6212199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:55:14Z","timestamp":1772967314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/bmri\/6212199"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Abdul-Rehman","family":"Phull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/bmri\/6212199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/bmri\/6212199","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6212199"}}