{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:13:18Z","timestamp":1774951998424,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":89,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    LN20188 is a botanical combination composed of extracts derived from\n                    <jats:italic>Withania somnifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L.) Dunal root and\n                    <jats:italic>Abelmoschus esculentus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L.) Moench fruit. Our earlier investigations revealed the benefits of LN20188 in promoting gut motility and reducing constipation. The current investigation presents the toxicological profile of LN20188 following OECD guidelines for chemical testing. In an acute oral toxicity (AOT) study involving Sprague Dawley rats, no significant signs of toxicity or morbidity were observed, and the lethal dose (LD\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was determined to be greater than 2000\u2009mg\/kg body weight (b.w). Gross pathological findings further confirmed the safety of LN20188. In a repeated\u2010dose subchronic toxicological investigation, rats were administered either 500, 1000, or 1500\u2009mg\/kg b.w of LN20188 for 90 consecutive days. LN20188 was found to be safe, where data on body weight, food consumption, organ weights, hematology, clinical biochemistry, and biomarkers were comparable to those of vehicle controls. The estimated no\u2010observed\u2010adverse\u2010effect level (NOAEL) for LN20188 in male and female rats is determined to be 1500\u2009mg\/kg b.w. Genotoxicity studies, including bacterial reverse mutation,\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    chromosomal aberration (CA), and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    micronucleus test (MNT) in mouse bone marrow erythrocytes, indicated no clastogenic or mutagenic activity. Results of the bacterial reverse mutation assay showed that LN20188 did not exhibit a notable increase in colony count (mutagenicity) up to 5000\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/plate. In CA assay, LN20188 concentrations of up to 1000\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/mL in the short term and 500\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/mL in continuous exposure did not induce any chromosomal aberrations. Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    MNT showed that LN20188, up to 2000\u2009mg\/kg b.w, did not elevate the frequency of micronucleated PCEs (MNPCEs). Overall, these studies demonstrate that oral administration of LN20188 does not result in toxicity or genotoxic effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/6355273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T09:32:31Z","timestamp":1774949551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toxicological Assessment of LN20188, a Botanical Combination of\n                    <i>Withania somnifera<\/i>\n                    Root and\n                    <i>Abelmoschus esculentus<\/i>\n                    Fruit Extracts"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7447-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravikumar","family":"Madireddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4075-5887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sundararaju","family":"Dodda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1477-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gopichand","family":"Chinta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0550-7164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"KrishnaRaju Venkata","family":"Alluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo2020303"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100136"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1049334"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15041057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.4573"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1112209109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030550"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4854"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2023.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3ra01367g"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2018.1442481"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26123609"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","first-page":"106","article-title":"Safety Evaluation of Abelmoschus Esculentus Polysaccharide","volume":"10","author":"Ilango K. 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