{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T04:53:31Z","timestamp":1794027211436,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":223,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carbapenem\u2010resistant gram\u2010negative infections pose a major public health challenge in India due to high antibiotic consumption, limited diagnostic access, and regional variation in resistance mechanisms. We systematically reviewed recent data to evaluate prevalence, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar for studies (January 2019\u2013December 2024) reporting carbapenem resistance in clinical gram\u2010negative isolates from India. Data on prevalence, molecular mechanisms, diagnostics, and treatment outcomes were extracted. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From 75 studies (&gt;\u200925,000 isolates), pooled resistance rates were\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      42.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      35.6%,\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      58.9%, and\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      41.7%. NDM (65%) and OXA\u201048\u2010like (20%) enzymes predominated. Only 38% of studies employed rapid molecular diagnostics. Treatment strategies included ceftazidime\u2010avibactam\u2009\u00b1\u2009aztreonam, colistin\u2010based regimens, and cefiderocol, but outcomes were inconsistent.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carbapenem resistance in India remains alarmingly high, primarily driven by NDM and OXA\u2010type carbapenemases. Optimised diagnostics, improved access to effective antimicrobials, robust antimicrobial stewardship, and national surveillance are critical to mitigate its growing clinical and public health impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/6806493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T08:48:51Z","timestamp":1786524531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Carbapenem Resistance in India: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Diagnostic Strategies, and Therapeutic Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6006-2631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akhil","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1241-5436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuj","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7656-8650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bipinesh","family":"Sansar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bal Krishna","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Sarode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijeta","family":"Bajpai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujit","family":"Bharti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwita","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Chaurasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyajit","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","volume-title":"Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Health Care Facilities","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-03"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70143-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2017.1340128"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.17.4.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2022.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.IJCM_217_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.147644.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/IJMR_1915_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-24534"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab767"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","volume-title":"Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). 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