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Muscle homeostasis requires a precise balance between protein synthesis and degradation pathways; disruption of this equilibrium leads to pathological conditions, including sarcopenia and muscle atrophy, which frequently coexist with metabolic disorders such as obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Recent advances have identified the gut microbiota as an important regulator of skeletal muscle health, positioning probiotics as potential therapeutic interventions. Among probiotic candidates,\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species have been associated with improvements in muscle health through pleiotropic mechanisms, including attenuation of inflammatory signaling, enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis, modulation of muscle protein turnover, and restoration of the intestinal microbial balance by enriching beneficial bacteria while suppressing pathogenic species. These multifaceted effects translate to improved exercise performance, amelioration of metabolic dysfunction, and prevention of muscle wasting. This review comprehensively evaluates the current evidence supporting\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    supplementation as a strategy to increase skeletal muscle health and function, examines the underlying molecular mechanisms, and identifies critical research priorities, including strain\u2010specific characterization, well\u2010controlled human clinical trials, and mechanistic investigations, to optimize probiotic\u2010based interventions for muscle\u2010related disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/7133290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:29:41Z","timestamp":1790065781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Gut Microbiota\u2013Muscle Axis:\n                    <i>Lactobacillus<\/i>\n                    as a Potential Modulator of Skeletal Muscle Health"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9924-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bencia","family":"Janet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0690-0910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rutuparna","family":"Jena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9631-9731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. 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