{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T13:40:32Z","timestamp":1792244432405,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":289,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ocular dryness and discomfort are commonly reported by contact lens wearers, particularly among young adults. This study evaluated self\u2010reported ocular symptoms among Palestinian university students and compared contact lens users with nonusers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional online survey was conducted among Palestinian university students using dry eye symptom (DES) items, the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire\u20108 (CLDEQ\u20108), and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Descriptive, comparative, and multivariable analyses were performed to examine ocular symptoms and their associations with contact lens use and relevant participant characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 408 students participated, of whom 202 (49.5%) were contact lens users and 87.7% were female. Dryness and sandy\/gritty sensation were reported significantly more frequently by contact lens users than nonusers (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Among contact lens users, 82.7% had OSDI scores \u2265\u200913, compared with 78.1% of nonusers; however, neither OSDI symptom\u2010category distribution (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.496) nor mean OSDI score (29.18 \u00b1 19.05 vs. 26.84 \u00b1 17.65;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.20) differed significantly between groups. Among contact lens users, CLDEQ\u20108 responses indicated a high burden of lens\u2010related discomfort and dryness. In multivariable analysis, contact lens use was not independently associated with OSDI score after adjustment for gender and daily screen exposure (B = 2.15, 95% CI \u22121.46 to 5.77;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.242). Participants reporting &gt;\u20098\u2009h\/day of screen exposure had significantly higher OSDI scores than those reporting 2\u20134\u2009h\/day (B = 10.37, 95% CI 0.45 to 20.29;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.040).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self\u2010reported ocular dryness and discomfort were common among Palestinian university students. Contact lens users reported some ocular symptoms more frequently and experienced substantial lens\u2010related discomfort, but contact lens use was not independently associated with greater overall OSDI symptom burden after adjustment for gender and screen exposure. Because objective tear\u2010film and ocular\u2010surface assessments were not performed, these findings should not be interpreted as establishing dry eye disease or attributing the reported symptoms specifically to contact lens wear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/7797861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T12:43:27Z","timestamp":1792241007000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dry Eye Symptoms and Ocular Discomfort Among Palestinian University Students With and Without Contact Lens Use: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3294-6116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lemar","family":"Edhilie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences An-Najah National University  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Palestine  najah.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4058-4373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamza","family":"Abualhasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences An-Najah National University  Nablus State of Palestine  najah.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3258-3530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Ghanim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Basic Clinical Skills Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences An-Najah National University  Nablus State of Palestine  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