{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T08:02:48Z","timestamp":1784534568175,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":200,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The emergence and spread of mobilized colistin resistance (\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) genes threaten the efficacy of colistin, a last\u2010resort antibiotic used in the management of multidrug\u2010resistant Gram\u2010negative bacteria (GNB). This study was aimed at (1) providing a bibliometric assessment of the mcr\u2010related research landscape and (2) conducting phylogenetic and metadata analyses of all known mcr gene variants to elucidate their relatedness and global distribution by country of origin, sample type, and harboring bacterial diversity. Bibliometric analysis was conducted following the SPAR\u20104\u2010SLR methodology, where\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010related publications were retrieved from Scopus and analyzed using diverse packages in R software, Datawrapper, the VOSviewer tool, and Biblioshiny. Genomic analysis was conducted on 116 complete\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene sequences retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). A neighbor\u2010joining phylogenetic tree was constructed to infer evolutionary relationships, and the associated metadata of sequences were analyzed. A total of 3936 mcr\u2010related publications met the inclusion criteria. Since the discovery of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 2015, research output has grown consistently through 2024, reflecting an intense global scientific mobilization and the rapid prioritization of colistin resistance given its significant public health threat. About 54.15% of studies appeared in Top Q1\u2013Q2 journals, notably\n                    <jats:italic>Frontiers in Microbiology<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The most cited work was Liu et al. (2016), with 4445 citations. China and India led in publications and collaborations, while China dominated funding. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 10\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    variants, each clustering together. Distance analysis showed that\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the likely origin of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20101\u20132 and\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20105 variants,\n                    <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20103,\n                    <jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>\n                    of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20106,\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20107,\n                    <jats:italic>Raoultella ornithinolytica<\/jats:italic>\n                    of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20108, and\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n                    of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201010. However,\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20104 and\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20109 showed multiple origins with similar branch lengths for\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The widespread occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20101\u201310 across diverse bacterial species underscores the urgent need for an integrated, One Health surveillance approach to monitor and mitigate colistin resistance spread globally.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/8343626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T07:12:41Z","timestamp":1784531561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global Bibliometric and Phylogenetic Analysis of mcr\u2010Mediated Colistin Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3971-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Zulfekar","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0744-8564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uwem Okon","family":"Edet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0615-5678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umego Chukwdi","family":"Theodore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4600-478X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Nwaokorie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0725-1078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Hafizur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9700-1610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edrous","family":"Alamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5989-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazem","family":"Mathkour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7003-7528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clement","family":"Meseko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70318-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","volume-title":"Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13457"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-01398-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040772"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12111597"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14100958"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-025-07391-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa205"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56484\/iamr.1631580"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases9020044"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.70069"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soh.2024.100077"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2025.102217"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18683\/germs.2025.1451"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-022-00489-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/58494"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9492LSF"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42522-026-00206-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (Updated August 2024)","author":"Higgins J. 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