{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T12:28:12Z","timestamp":1786537692596,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":223,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The emergence and spread of multidrug\u2010resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR\u2010E) in community and hospital settings constitute a major public health challenge, particularly in densely populated urban areas. Although antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates has been repeatedly studied, resistance profiles of intestinal carriage strains remain scarcely reported, despite their potential role as important reservoirs of resistance genes. An integrated approach including both carriage and clinical isolates is therefore necessary to better understand antimicrobial resistance dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is aimed at comparing the antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from intestinal carriage in outpatients and those from clinical infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 196 strains, including\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , were analyzed, comprising 60 carriage isolates and 136 clinical isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method according to CA\u2010SFM guidelines. Resistance profiles were classified as multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR), extensively drug\u2010resistant (XDR), or pandrug\u2010resistant (PDR) based on the criteria of Magiorakos et al., and the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was calculated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, a high prevalence of MDR strains was observed (86.73%) in both groups, with distinct resistance patterns depending on the source. Carriage strains showed higher resistance to cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, monobactams, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides (MAR index: 0.76 \u00b1 0.09), whereas clinical strains exhibited increased resistance to aminoglycosides and carbapenems (MAR index: 0.65 \u00b1 0.18). XDR (6.12%) and PDR (1.02%) phenotypes were mainly identified among clinical isolates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings emphasize the role of intestinal carriage as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance and support the need for integrated community\u2013hospital surveillance strategies in urban settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/8393896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T11:30:30Z","timestamp":1786534230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates From Outpatient Carriages and Clinical Infections in an Urban Setting"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0783-9422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kobina Amandz\u00e9 Adams","family":"Kofi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7141-0774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane Kouadio","family":"Koffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Kra Adou Koffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Yapi Ivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u2032guessan Carole","family":"Obouayeba Djaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2792-7140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aboubacar","family":"Bamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2660-1297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flora","family":"Ahonzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5357-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacou","family":"N\u2032douba Ad\u00e8le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antinf.2017.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) Report 2022 2022 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240062702."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01009-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01854.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161213804070348"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00023-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa399"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01850.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw283"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1655-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/MRJI\/2017\/34085"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12691\/ajmr-11-3-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","first-page":"20","article-title":"D\u00e9tection et Diss\u00e9mination des G\u00e8nes de B\u00eata-Lactamases \u00e0 Spectre \u00c9tendu (CTX-M-15 et SHV-187) Isol\u00e9s chez des Souches de Klebsiella pneumoniae et d\u2032Escherichia coli Uropathog\u00e8nes Multir\u00e9sistantes en C\u00f4te d\u2032Ivoire","volume":"25","author":"Tahou J. 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