{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:16:47Z","timestamp":1789064207618,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":263,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Aloe vera<\/jats:italic>\n                    has a long history as a medicinal plant with numerous therapeutic uses. Methicillin\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA) is a type of bacteria resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as penicillin. Hospital\u2010acquired methicillin\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Ha\u2010MRSA) refers to MRSA infections that arise in healthcare settings, usually 48\u2009h or longer after hospital admission or in individuals with recent hospitalization. This research is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of\n                    <jats:italic>Aloe vera<\/jats:italic>\n                    gel extract against Ha\u2010MRSA.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The agar well boring diffusion and the broth dilution test methods were employed, respectively, to assess the susceptibility of Ha\u2010MRSA to\n                    <jats:italic>Aloe vera<\/jats:italic>\n                    gel extract in ethanol and DMSO medium. These extraction media were compared for their effectiveness as the solvent of extraction for the susceptibility test.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.2\u2009mg\/L of\n                    <jats:italic>Aloe vera<\/jats:italic>\n                    gel extract in the ethanolic extraction medium was achieved, indicating susceptibility of the Ha\u2010MRSA strain as recommended by EUCAST\/ESCMID.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Aloe vera<\/jats:italic>\n                    gel ethanol extract was sensitive against Ha\u2010MRSA strains but was resistant in the DMSO extraction method. It is recommended that further research be carried out to ascertain the bioactive compounds responsible for antimicrobial activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/8787650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T06:50:26Z","timestamp":1758523826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of\n                    <i>Aloe vera<\/i>\n                    Gel Extract on Hospital\u2010Acquired Methicillin\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3698-8958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jones","family":"Gyamerah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5929-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justice","family":"Kumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3757-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric N. 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