{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:49:23Z","timestamp":1791607763853,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":281,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Malaria remains a major global public health challenge, in part because\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations can acquire and disseminate reduced susceptibility to antimalarial drugs under selective pressure. This review synthesizes current evidence on the molecular and genomic mechanisms underlying antimalarial drug resistance and examines their implications for treatment efficacy and malaria control. First, the review examines genomic plasticity, including structural genome variation, copy\u2010number variation, recombination, epigenetic regulation, and transcriptional regulation, as sources of genetic and phenotypic variation relevant to drug susceptibility. Second, it summarizes established molecular determinants of resistance, including\n                    <jats:italic>kelch13<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>K13<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) mutations associated with delayed parasite clearance following artemisinin treatment,\n                    <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations associated with chloroquine resistance,\n                    <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    copy\u2010number variation associated with altered susceptibility to mefloquine and related antimalarials, and\n                    <jats:italic>dhfr<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>dhps<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations associated with sulfadoxine\u2013pyrimethamine resistance. Third, the review considers the emergence and dissemination of resistance\u2010associated variants across parasite populations, emphasizing the contributions of population genomics and genomic surveillance to monitoring resistance patterns. Finally, recent applications of genomic epidemiology, whole\u2010genome sequencing, and artificial intelligence\u2013assisted analytical approaches are discussed, with emphasis on their potential utility for resistance surveillance and evidence\u2010informed malaria control. Overall, integrating molecular, genomic, epidemiological, and evolutionary information provides a stronger framework for understanding antimalarial resistance and for supporting surveillance, treatment optimization, and malaria\u2010control strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/9296351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:07:58Z","timestamp":1791605278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic Plasticity and Molecular Mechanisms of Antimalarial Drug Resistance in\n                    <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>\n                    : Implications for Treatment Failure and Genomic Surveillance"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6338-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anmut","family":"Assemie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Wachemo University  Hossana Ethiopia  wcu.edu.et"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30875\/9789287074560","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2025: Addressing the Threat of Antimalarial Drug Resistance","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3189"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30068-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1513137"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30392-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003293"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15590.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101746"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00142-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.18681.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000243"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01097"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.4c00962"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09442"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12876"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04104-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(05)00077-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16767-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3189"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2014.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1697"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010600"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30409-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03215-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.191684.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-020518-115546"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1178636118808529"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4381"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FelekeS. 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