{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:49:20Z","timestamp":1787017760318,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":84,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study is aimed at assessing the bleaching efficacy of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle suspensions at different concentrations and exposure times for photocatalysis and evaluating their potential as a peroxide\u2010free alternative to carbamide peroxide in dental bleaching.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Sixty bovine incisors were stained with black tea and treated with different bleaching protocols: (1) control (16% carbamide peroxide), (2) TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u201050\u2009wt% for 10\u2009min (TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    50\/10), (3) TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u201050\u2009wt% for 50\u2009min (TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    50\/50), (4) TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u201010\u2009wt% for 50\u2009min (TiO2 10\/50), and (5) TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u201010\u2009wt% for 10\u2009min (TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    10\/10). The agents were exposed to UV light (395\u2009nm) for photocatalysis before application. All treatments were applied daily for 2\u2009h over 21 days. Color change (\n                    <jats:italic>\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    00) was measured using a digital spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V), and pH was assessed using pH strips.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The data were analyzed using one\u2010way ANOVA and Tukey\u2019s test. TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    50\/50 showed significantly superior bleaching effects compared to all other groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    10\/50 and TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    10\/10 demonstrated intermediate bleaching results, with no significant difference between them (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0875). The control and TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    50\/10 groups exhibited the lowest color variation (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.102). All groups maintained a pH of 6 before and after 2\u2009h of the at\u2010home bleaching protocol.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanoparticle suspensions may be a viable peroxide\u2010free alternative for dental bleaching, particularly at higher concentrations and longer photocatalysis exposure times.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/9311501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T02:21:35Z","timestamp":1743042095000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Peroxide\u2010Free Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle\u2013Based Photocatalytic Bleaching: In Vitro Study on Bovine Teeth"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6120-1672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tainah Oliveira","family":"Rifane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8754-7024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel Silva","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3163-9662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suely Cristina Arag\u00e3o Veras","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2811-2835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucca Reis","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0218-9436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego Martins","family":"de Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8795-9967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor P.","family":"Feitosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.job.2021.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2014.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513488893"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj9120148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2341\/19-253-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12152"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2341\/16-079-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2023-0216"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","first-page":"68","article-title":"Dental bleaching with ozone: effects on color and enamel microhardness","volume":"29","author":"Santana M. 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