{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:26:59Z","timestamp":1753889219681,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":337,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015758","name":"Adama Science and Technology University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ASTU\/AS-R\/001\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASTU\/AS-R\/001\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochemistry Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Woodfordia uniflora<\/jats:italic> is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of malaria, toothache, and stomach problems. The root parts of the plant are also used for healing liver disorders. Silica gel chromatography separation of CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Cl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/MeOH (1:1) and MeOH extracts of roots of <jats:italic>W. uniflora<\/jats:italic> result in the isolation of three compounds, namely, bergenin (<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>), <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010sitosterol (<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>), and epigallocatechin 3\u2010gallate (<jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>), reported herein for the first time from the plant. The structure of the isolated compounds was elucidated using NMR (1D and 2D) techniques. Disk diffusion and DPPH assay were used to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities, respectively. Molecular docking was done by the AutoDock Vina 4.2 program. The pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile of compounds were predicted by Swiss ADME and Pro Tox II online servers. GC\u2010MS analysis roots of <jats:italic>W. uniflora<\/jats:italic> result in the identification of five compounds, of which palmitic acid (34.9%) was the major constituent. The antibacterial activity result indicated that the oil extract had promising activity against <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> with IZ of 14.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.81, 15.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0, 15.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.47, and 17.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.47\u2009mm, respectively, at 5\u2009mg\/mL, compared to ciprofloxacin (1Z 27\u201330.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0\u2009mm) at 30\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL. MeOH and CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Cl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/MeOH (1:1) extract showed inhibition against <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (IZ of 13.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.47\u2009mm) and <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (IZ of 10.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0\u2009mm), respectively, at 200\u2009mg\/mL. Bergenin (<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>) and <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010sitosterol (<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>) also displayed maximum inhibition of <jats:italic>E. coil<\/jats:italic> (IZ of 11.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.47) and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (11.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0\u2009mm), respectively, at 5\u2009mg\/mL. The antioxidant activity results showed that CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Cl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/MeOH (1:1) and MeOH extracts, bergenin (<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>), and compound <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold> displayed potent scavenging DPPH radical with a percentage of inhibition of 76.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12, 77.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08, 71.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08, and 91.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid (93.2%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04%) at 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL. The molecular docking analysis showed that all compounds (<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>3)<\/jats:bold> exhibited minimum binding energy toward PDB ID: 1HD2 (\u22125.2 to \u22126.3\u2009kcal\/mol), compared to ascorbic acid (\u22125.6\u2009kcal\/mol), and toward PDB ID: 1DNU (\u22128.0 to \u221210.7\u2009kcal\/mol) receptors, compared to ascorbic acid (\u22125.7\u2009kcal\/mol). Toward the PDB ID: 4FM9 receptor, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010sitosterol (<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>) and compound <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold> exhibited the best binding free energy of \u22129.1 and \u22129.8\u2009kcal\u00b7mol, respectively, compared to vosaroxin (\u22127.8\u2009kcal\/mol). The drug\u2010likeness analysis result indicated that bergenin (<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>) and <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010sitosterol (<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>) obeyed four and five criteria of Lipinski\u2019s rule, respectively, and are more likely to be administered orally. The <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> toxicity analysis showed none of the compounds would be cytotoxic, mutagenic, or hepatotoxic. The in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial results supported by in silico analysis demonstrated that the roots of <jats:italic>W. uniflora<\/jats:italic> have the potential to be therapeutic agents for bacterial infections and free radical\u2013inducing diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bri\/1322756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T16:00:31Z","timestamp":1733241631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Chemical Constituents of the Roots of <i>Woodfordia uniflora<\/i>: An Integrated Approach of Experimental and Computational Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"given":"Bihon","family":"Abera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9899-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negera","family":"Abdissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5301-9923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milkyas","family":"Endale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yadessa","family":"Melaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kebede","family":"Shenkute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urgessa","family":"Ensermu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2253-7946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mo","family":"Hunsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Rentsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-2100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajalakshmanan","family":"Eswaramoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612054367481"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","first-page":"2886","article-title":"The Challenges of Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance: Plant Extracts as Potential Sources of Antimicrobial and Resistance Modifying Agents","volume":"6","author":"Sibanda T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22207\/jpam.13.1.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13765-024-00930-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/bcse.v36i3.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11224-020-01723-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07320-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-04308-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.930161"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"Molecular Docking, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Evaluation of Pterospermum rubiginosum B. Heyne","volume":"7","author":"Anish R. J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends in Phytochemical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-018-0190-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.103346"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16102-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22159\/ijpps.2021v13i6.40830"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2419805"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(93)90056-b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","first-page":"134","article-title":"Phytochemical Investigation and Standardization of Extracts of Flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa; A Preliminary Study","volume":"4","author":"Syed Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biosciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13030408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ejmp\/2018\/38153"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","first-page":"293","article-title":"Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.: A Review on its Botany, Chemistry and Biological Activities","volume":"5","author":"Kumar D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10020287"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/separations9120439"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33805\/2576.8484.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2015.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578x1200700814"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2022.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2024-0044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21448\/ijsm.962120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11224-020-01586-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0169-409x(96)00423-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"037","DOI":"10.30574\/gscbps.2021.14.1.0002","article-title":"In-Silico Investigation of Curcumin Drug-Likeness, Gene-Targets and Prognostic Relevance of the Targets in Panels of Human Cancer Cohorts","volume":"14","author":"Oshevire D. B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2011.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46602\/jcsn.v45i6.559"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4038\/pjsl.v5i0.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406413666170306120152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-8741(00)00260-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-0079-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/futurepharmacol2010006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/s0192415x23500842"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2222-1808(12)60037-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31788\/rjc.2020.1345652"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_2","first-page":"94","article-title":"Isolation of Stigmasterol and \u03b2-Sitosterol From Petroleum Ether Extract of Aerial Parts of Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae)","volume":"3","author":"Kamboj A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c9ra08459b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00021369.1982.10865368"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_2","first-page":"158","article-title":"Isolation of Catechins From Cycas armstrongii Miq. of an Egyptian Origin","volume":"11","author":"Ismail A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Effect of Epigallocatechin gallate Isolated From Terminalia bellerica Fruit Rind on Glucoamylase Activity In Vitro","volume":"01","author":"Gangadhar M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5615647"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c05241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73193-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-021-05036-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d230125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-017-3006-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d220429"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaspro.2016.02.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13071144"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaost.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/ark.5550190.0008.902"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8847876"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41048-017-0045-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42514-021-00086-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules190710150"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2021.2001371"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_2","first-page":"853","article-title":"New Antioxidant Agents Bearing Carboxamide Moiety: Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In Vitro Studies of New Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives","volume":"40","author":"Eze F. U.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (International English Edition)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184407"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092681"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707358"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00285"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2023.2171029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6817502"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032532"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_2","first-page":"01","article-title":"Potential Inhibitors of Topoisomerase II\u03b1 Identified by Molecular Docking","volume":"14","author":"Aitkaki S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"RHAZES: Green and Applied Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2020.12.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21448\/ijsm.1107685"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/aabc.s323657"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10934529.2020.1826192"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/bta.2021.103765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_2","first-page":"3349","article-title":"Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Activity, ADMET Properties and Molecular Docking Study of Phytocompounds From Erianthemum dregei","volume":"12","author":"Maliehe T. S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_2","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial Activity, Molecular Docking, Drug Likeness and DFT Analysis of Benzo [c] Phenanthridine Alkaloids from Roots of Zanthoxylum chalybeum","volume":"12","author":"Anza M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13765-022-00740-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5541876"}],"container-title":["Biochemistry Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bri\/1322756","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T16:00:40Z","timestamp":1733241640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/bri\/1322756"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Saad","family":"Tayyab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/bri\/1322756"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/bri\/1322756","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-2247","2090-2255"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-2247"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-2255"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1322756"}}