{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T01:08:41Z","timestamp":1789261721914,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochemistry Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) is a chronic, complex inflammatory condition that can affect the entire digestive tract, most commonly the terminal ileum. The exact cause of CD remains unknown. Bioinformatics was used in this study to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) that show potential as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in treating CD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and filtered. DEGs between CD samples and healthy control samples were identified using the GEO2R tool (including GEOquery and Linear Models for Microarray Analysis), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes\/Gene Ontology enrichment analyses were conducted as part of the study to gain deeper insights into the data. A network depicting protein\u2013protein interactions was established and visualized using the STRING database and Cytoscape software, and hub genes were identified and extracted utilizing the cytoHubba program. Cytoscape and miRTarBase were used to construct the miRNA\u2013hub gene regulatory network and predict the potential miRNAs associated with the DEGs. The hub genes were analyzed further using ROC curves and combined ROC curve analyses of the GSE179285, GSE186582, and GSE112366 datasets. A regularized LASSO regression model was constructed to reduce the risk of overfitting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three datasets (GSE179285, GSE186582, and GSE112366) were selected. A comprehensive analysis of the three datasets revealed 60 DEGs that showed significantly altered expression levels, including 44 upregulated genes and 16 downregulated genes. Ten different algorithms were randomly used, and three hub genes (\n                      <jats:italic>CXCL1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>CXCL2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>CXCR2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were identified. Based on the miRNA\u2013hub gene regulatory network, hsa\u2010miR\u20101\u20103p and hsa\u2010miR\u2010335\u20105p were recognized as potentially vital miRNAs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three hub genes (\n                      <jats:italic>CXCL1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>CXCL2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>CXCR2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and two miRNAs (hsa\u2010miR\u20101\u20103p and hsa\u2010miR\u2010335\u20105p) are postulated to play a role in the initiation and progression of CD, thereby offering potential as biomarkers for this condition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/bri\/4628067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T11:39:46Z","timestamp":1770291586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Candidate Biomarkers for Crohn\u2019s Disease: Hub Genes and Regulatory miRNAs Identified by Bioinformatics Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6316-2875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2614-7564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengdie","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08940-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.12.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100884"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12319"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)02586-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2020.1702020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(06)11019-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100220"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad965"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1193"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2533-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.1.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1079"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.06.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjae091","article-title":"ECCO Guidelines on Therapeutics in Crohn\u2019s Disease: Medical Treatment","author":"Gordon H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Crohn\u2019s and Colitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-334395"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47997-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106583"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01008-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2024.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00768-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.11.304"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_2","article-title":"S100A9 and HMGB1 Orchestrate MDSC-Mediated Immunosuppression in Melanoma Through TLR4 Signaling","volume":"12","author":"\u00d6zbay K. F. G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.112009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010205"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab123"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60174-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2021.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13912"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202400370"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-020-00554-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.92588"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70538"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2192478"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.896645"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00507-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2023.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2025.119923"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-021-00425-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2021.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-020-01684-z"}],"container-title":["Biochemistry Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bri\/4628067","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/bri\/4628067","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bri\/4628067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T11:39:48Z","timestamp":1770291588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/bri\/4628067"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sebastian P.","family":"Schwaminger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/bri\/4628067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/bri\/4628067","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-2247","2090-2255"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-2247","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-2255","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4628067"}}