{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:34:46Z","timestamp":1792514086067,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":320,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochemistry Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Plectranthus glandulosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is valued for its culinary and medicinal properties. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity, acute oral toxicity, and subacute oral toxicity of its aqueous extract, hydro\u2010ethanolic extract, and ethyl acetate fraction. Cytotoxicity was tested on African green monkey kidney (Vero) and murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cell lines exposed to concentrations \u2264 200\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. Acute toxicity was assessed via a single oral dose of 5000\u2009mg\/kg, and subacute toxicity through daily oral doses of 250\u20131000\u2009mg\/kg over 28\u2009days. All extracts maintained &gt; 95% cell viability in Vero and RAW 264.7 cells, indicating no cytotoxicity. No mortality, behavioral changes, or clinical signs of toxicity were observed. Food and water intake, body weight, and organ weights were unaffected (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05). Macroscopic and histopathological examinations of the liver, kidneys, heart, and spleen showed no abnormalities. At the highest subacute dose (1000\u2009mg\/kg), hematological parameters remained within normal ranges, showing no significant differences compared to the control (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05): white blood cells (7.23\u20137.95 vs. 7.94\u2009\u00b1\u20091.29\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), red blood cells (3.00\u20133.38 vs. 3.57\u2009\u00b1\u20090.79\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), hemoglobin (12.10\u201312.40 vs. 12.20\u2009\u00b1\u20091.10\u2009g\/dL), hematocrit (29.60\u201344.53 vs. 41.70\u2009\u00b1\u20093.70%), and platelets (491.30\u2013528.13 vs. 490.70\u2009\u00b1\u20090.40\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Differential leukocyte counts (lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils) also remained stable. Biochemical markers, including alanine transaminase (62.76\u201369.20 vs. 64.60\u2009\u00b1\u200910.25\u2009U\/L), aspartate transaminase (112.15\u2013123.85 vs. 120.69\u2009\u00b1\u20099.56\u2009U\/L), total protein (64.45\u201365.80 vs. 65.2\u2009\u00b1\u20093.20\u2009g\/L), urea (20.35\u201321.22 vs. 21.62\u2009\u00b1\u20090.73\u2009mg\/dL), creatinine (0.56\u20130.58 vs. 0.56\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33\u2009mg\/dL), and C\u2010reactive protein (\u2264 350\u2009\u00b5g\/mL), were comparable to controls. In conclusion,\n                    <jats:italic>P. glandulosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts and fraction exhibited no cytotoxic, acute, or subacute toxic effects at the tested doses, supporting their safety and potential in alternative medicine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bri\/7453400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T09:32:38Z","timestamp":1763371958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Toxicity Profile of\n                    <i>Plectranthus glandulosus<\/i>\n                    Hook. F. (Lamiaceae) Aqueous Extract, Hydro\u2010Ethanolic Extract, and Ethyl Acetate Fraction"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4232-4156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djamila","family":"Zouheira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8025-7716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mo\u00efse Legentil","family":"Nchouwet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4172-6014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Njini Gael","family":"Nfor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4491-8011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadidjatou","family":"Da\u00efrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7015-6903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Romuald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8332-1031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tigamba","family":"Vandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5442-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylviane Laure","family":"Poualeu Kamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3431-2059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armelle Deutou","family":"Tchamgoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7455-3607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauve Rachel","family":"Tchokouaha Yamthe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5584-7095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie Lea","family":"Wansi Ngnokam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5860-9853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Agbor","family":"Agbor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37871\/jbres1482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","volume-title":"Traditional Medicines: Global Situation, Issues and Challenges","author":"Who","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2017-0139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","unstructured":"Who Traditional Medicine African Health Monitor 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7324\/JAPS.2020.104015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527609987.ch3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2019.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-017-0398-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medicinal Plants of Aguambu-Bamumbu in the Lebialem Highlands, Southwest Province of Cameroon","volume":"3","author":"Focho D. 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