{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T05:05:23Z","timestamp":1780031123755,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":147,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochemistry Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study investigates the phytochemical composition and biological activities of\n                    <jats:italic>Heliotropium indicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Caesalpinia bonduc<\/jats:italic>\n                    , two medicinal plants widely used in traditional medicine in Benin. In ethnomedicinal practice,\n                    <jats:italic>H. indicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    is commonly prepared as decoctions or infusions of the aerial parts and administered orally or topically to treat inflammatory conditions, wounds, fever, and infections, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>C. bonduc<\/jats:italic>\n                    roots are typically used in decoction for the management of urinary tract infections, pain, diabetes, and reproductive disorders. The present research aims to generate preliminary scientific data supporting these traditional applications. Aqueous and hydroethanolic (70% ethanol) extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of\n                    <jats:italic>H. indicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the roots of\n                    <jats:italic>C. bonduc<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed using standard qualitative colorimetric and precipitation reactions. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against multiresistant uropathogenic strains using the agar disk diffusion method and broth microdilution for determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Antibiofilm activity was assessed using a crystal violet colorimetric assay. Analgesic and diuretic activities were evaluated in vivo in Wistar rats using hydroethanolic extracts. Acute oral toxicity was assessed following a limit test at 2000\u2009mg\/kg in rats. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins in both plant species. Among the tested samples, only the hydroethanolic extract of\n                    <jats:italic>C. bonduc<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested uropathogenic strains, with inhibition zones ranging from 14.6 to 16.6\u2009mm and MIC values between 6 and 6.5\u2009mg\/mL. The aqueous extract of\n                    <jats:italic>C. bonduc<\/jats:italic>\n                    and both extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>H. indicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    did not exhibit detectable antibacterial activity under the experimental conditions. However, all extracts demonstrated antibiofilm activity, inhibiting biofilm formation in\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. strains by 40.52%\u201371.93%. Hydroethanolic extracts of both plants showed significant analgesic activity (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) in the acetic acid\u2013induced writhing test and exhibited measurable diuretic effects in rats. In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or clinical signs of toxicity were observed at 2000\u2009mg\/kg during the 14\u2010day observation period. Hematological and biochemical parameters remained within normal ranges, and histopathological examination of the liver and kidneys revealed no treatment\u2010related alterations. These findings provide preliminary experimental support for some of the traditional uses of\n                    <jats:italic>H. indicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. bonduc<\/jats:italic>\n                    and suggest that hydroethanolic extracts of these plants warrant further investigation for the isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bri\/9058679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T04:53:49Z","timestamp":1780030429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of the Roots of\n                    <i>Caesalpinia bonduc<\/i>\n                    and the Aerial Part of\n                    <i>Heliotropium indicum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Funk\u00e8 F.","family":"Assouma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0106-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Durand","family":"Dah-Nouvlessounon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atchad\u00e9 Pascal","family":"Tchogou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Machioud Maxime","family":"Sangar\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0365-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gautier","family":"Roko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bawa","family":"Boya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao Paul","family":"Attien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olar\u00e9wadjou","family":"Amogou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachidatou","family":"Kamirou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7748-1717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basile","family":"Konmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolphe","family":"Adjanohoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8160-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lamine","family":"Baba-Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8630-3798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haziz","family":"Sina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aje.12914"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11263504.2017.1289273"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","first-page":"190","article-title":"Caesalpinia Bonducella: a Pharmacologically Important Plant","volume":"7","author":"Pandey D. 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Section 4: Acute Oral Toxicity\u2013Up-and-down Procedure (Test No. 425)","author":"Oecd","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2023.101701"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8229.108180"}],"container-title":["Biochemistry Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bri\/9058679","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/bri\/9058679","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bri\/9058679","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T04:54:06Z","timestamp":1780030446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/bri\/9058679"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Harleen","family":"Khatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/bri\/9058679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/bri\/9058679","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-2247","2090-2255"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-2247","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-2255","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9058679"}}