{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:15:18Z","timestamp":1780982118761,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":198,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":97,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82370352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Respiratory Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, life\u2010threatening disease characterized by vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. Despite existing targeted therapies, long\u2010term outcomes remain poor, underscoring the need for more effective treatment. This review summarizes recent advancements in PAH therapy, emphasizing the integration of conventional medicine of the key pathways with nanoparticle\u2010mediated drug delivery systems (nano\u2010DDS), transforming growth factor beta\/bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II, tyrosine kinase\u2013based interventions, immunotherapies targeting inflammation and immune imbalance, and emerging molecular targets, including NOTCH3\/HES\u20105 and E\u2010selectin. Nano\u2010DDS has improved drug bioavailability and targeting, opening new therapeutic possibilities. This article also discusses innovative approaches, such as endothelial\u2010like progenitor cell\u2013based cell therapy and the ETRQ\u03b2\u2010002 vaccine. Future advancements in PAH treatment may result from the integration of conventional drugs, nanotechnology, and immunotherapy through multidisciplinary efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/carj\/8046858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T16:09:52Z","timestamp":1775664592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Advances in Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7423-8293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yalei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3102-0604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiacheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2380-3865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0975-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2327-7026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erha","family":"Lama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6073-2083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2577-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6565-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changhu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8591-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2701-4763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihua","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3513-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zihua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0211-2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac237"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-2600(15)00544-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00208.2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00046612"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.031724"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd012785.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2012.671811"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01552-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","article-title":"Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension with the Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Macitentan: Clinical Evidence and Experience","author":"Belge C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 13"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00130209"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2017.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2016.1239661"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.118.11932"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83423-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.207203"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/fjc.0000000000000352"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","article-title":"Liposomal Nanoparticles Encapsulating Iloprost Exhibit Enhanced Vasodilation in Pulmonary Arteries","author":"Jain P.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Nanomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-100374"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000157672.70560.7b"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2012.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.113.003139"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13552"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.02.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.683436"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.118.252700"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2025.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-019-00442-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2007.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3434"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-017-0350-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2297"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02341-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.12.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2008.328"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_2","article-title":"Non-Smad Signaling Pathways of the TGF-Beta Family","volume":"9","author":"Zhang Y. E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cold Spring Perspective Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2020.8169"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00378.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.114.008750"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq236"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0149oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201510-1955oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.70027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00879-2022","article-title":"2020 ESC\/ERS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension","volume":"61","author":"Humbert M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2008.062703"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm200108023450503"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90719.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172679"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz5660"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11435-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2024277"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01347-2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01435-2024","article-title":"A Long-Term Follow-Up Study of Sotatercept for Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Interim Results of SOTERIA","author":"Preston I. R.","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_2","unstructured":"MontaniD. McLaughlinV. V. GibbsJ. S. S. R.et al. Results of a Planned Analysis of the Effects of Genetic Background on Sotatercept for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) A14. BUILDING LEGO(LAND)."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01107-2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2213558"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.3116"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.123.011227"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2508170"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2415160"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci65592"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2020-0528oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02449-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-017-0821-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2004.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2012.719500"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1653708"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-3122-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00423.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200911-1663oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19102957","article-title":"Inhibitory Antibodies Against Activin A and TGF-Beta Reduce Self-Supported, but Not Soluble Factors-Induced Growth of Human Pulmonary Arterial Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Kudryashova T. V.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-8932.83448"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200707-1037oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201006-0905oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24838"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmc051946"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1028oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/677359"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-017-3264-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.112.000765"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu035"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201001-0123oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.758763"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2015.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202410-1929OC","article-title":"Positioning Imatinib for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: a Dose Finding Phase 2 Study","author":"Rothman A. M. K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20458940211052823"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00433-2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12352"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000381923"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s294626"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.14-338"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02356-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20458940211057071"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-2600(24)00072-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612653"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2021.153552","article-title":"Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) from Autopsy Study: T-Cells, B-cells and Mastocytes Detection as Morphological Evidence of Immunologically Mediated Pathogenesis","author":"Mansueto G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathology, Research & Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200195"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00112105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201403-0442oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-9-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00311.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2045893218757596","article-title":"Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Pulmonary Hypertension: Is There a Role for Endothelial Adhesion Molecules?","volume":"8","author":"Kuebler W. M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pulmonary Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215460"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.954007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203307087610"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202009-3481oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202103-0612ed"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.3106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cm9.0000000000002875"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.110.236927"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2012.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-015-0727-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.117.312058"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12173"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1678"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2315123121"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040391"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00531.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171767"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0355oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094980"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01761-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.04.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13395-022-00292-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20190046"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_137_2","article-title":"Kynurenine Metabolites Predict Survival in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: a Role for IL-6\/IL-6Ralpha","volume":"12","author":"Cai Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-10-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.108.182014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.12324"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045893217735820"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02463-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02472-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2020.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15436"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203040"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12742"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.755077"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00084211"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.109.933762"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111081"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2024.12683"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-061512-150641"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01448-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.121.317168"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045893217729096"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-15-47"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13133843"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132612"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/537613"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201809-1631le"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.2.1.10328"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2012.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy310"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_166_2","article-title":"Germline and Somatic Mutations in DNA Methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) Predispose to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) in Humans and Mice","author":"Al-Qazazi R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Implications for Associated PAH, medRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183057"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908201106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/mp500456k"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01061"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24193"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16121656"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-013-1261-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20190835"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_180_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.120.045750"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_182_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1148-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abl5471"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.122.20449"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2014-0235oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_186_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045893217701438"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100599"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.113.302062"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_189_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00130809"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_190_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2013.812080"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m109.002881"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201402-0322oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_193_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2016.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_194_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202400113"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_195_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2023.103599"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_196_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20235885"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_197_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27113490"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_198_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.11.012"}],"container-title":["Canadian Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/carj\/8046858","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/carj\/8046858","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/carj\/8046858","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T16:10:02Z","timestamp":1775664602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/carj\/8046858"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sami","family":"Deniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":198,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/carj\/8046858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/carj\/8046858","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1198-2241","1916-7245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1198-2241","type":"print"},{"value":"1916-7245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8046858"}}