{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T07:57:55Z","timestamp":1785398275523,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":209,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>No case has yet been described in which a patient developed multiple sclerosis (MS) followed by thymoma, myasthenia gravis (MG), and T\u2010cell lymphoma. The patient is a 47\u2010year\u2010old woman who developed relapsing\u2010remitting MS at the age of 31 and was treated with interferon\u2010beta (IFN\u2010\u03b2) for over seven years. She was then diagnosed with thymoma, which was treated with chemotherapy and surgery. One year later, she was diagnosed with MG, which was treated with steroids, pyridostigmine, and intravenous immunoglobulins. Due to an MS relapse at the age of 40, ocrelizumab was administered for 2.5\u2009years, after which she developed T\u2010cell lymphoma. As the lymphoma had responded only partially to chemotherapy, an autologous stem cell transplantation was performed. It remains unclear whether there was a causal link between the immunosuppressive MS treatment and the thymoma or lymphoma, whether these developed due to underlying immune dysregulation, individual predisposition, or the cumulative effect of prior oncological therapies, or whether this was merely a chance co\u2010occurrence of rare diseases. The case shows that a single patient may sequentially develop MS, MG, thymoma, and T\u2010cell lymphoma. Fundamental and comprehensive clinical studies are required to elucidate the underlying pathophysiology and to confirm or refute a possible causal link.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/carm\/4552045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:59:11Z","timestamp":1785394751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unusual Sequential Development of Multiple Sclerosis, Thymoma, Myasthenia, and Lymphoma in the Same Patient"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2839-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josef","family":"Finsterer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01097"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","first-page":"105","article-title":"Mechanism and Adverse Effects of Multiple Sclerosis Drugs: a Review Article. 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