{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:04:23Z","timestamp":1791378263080,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":100,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008750","name":"Shanghai Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHDC2022CRD045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2022CRD045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008233","name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JYYC011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYYC011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008233","name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YBKA202206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YBKA202206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008233","name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008233","name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JYLJ202014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYLJ202014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19ZR1429000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19ZR1429000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovascular Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) prevents arterial thromboembolic events (ATEs) in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) is an independent risk factor for left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombosis; however, there is little knowledge about the relationship between preoperative SEC and the increased risk of device\u2010related thrombosis (DRT) or ATEs in patients with AF who have undergone LAAC.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This retrospective study focused on patients with nonvalvular AF who successfully underwent LAAC surgery. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was used to assess preoperative LAA status. SEC in LAA Grades 0\u20132 was defined as LAASEC\u2212, and Grades 3\u20134 or previously diagnosed LAA thrombus formation as LAASEC+.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 519 AF patients (432 in LAASEC\u2212 group and 87 in LAASEC+ group) who underwent LAAC were included. At the 1\u2010year follow\u2010up, there was no significant difference in the incidence of DRT (2.5 vs. 3.8%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.636), ATEs (0.5 vs. 0%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.525), and all\u2010cause mortality (2.1% vs. 2.3%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.899) between the LAASEC\u2212 group and the LAASEC+ group. However, the LAASEC+ group had higher proportions of cauliflower\u2010type LAA and \u2265\u20093 lobes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The difference in preoperative LAA thrombosis or LAASEC was not related to the incidence of DRT or ATEs in AF patients within 1 year after LAAC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/cdr\/1849432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T11:17:11Z","timestamp":1744370231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Does Spontaneous Echo Contrast in the Left Atrial Appendage Increase Thromboembolism Risk After Left Atrial Appendage Closure? A Retrospective Study on Its Impact on Device\u2010Related Thrombosis and Arterial Thromboembolic Events"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3335-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kandi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanwen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianpeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqian","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1078-350X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6308-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2009.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2019.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.04.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2023.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36628\/ijhf.2021.0043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1983-0516"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90592-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERP-18-0083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013351"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2000.tb01153.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-021-01926-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-18-0398"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shj.2022.100096"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-019-01364-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.01.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.120.010195"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.29458"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.04.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23381"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv730"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050117"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001193"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-23-00325"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.006841"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/cdr\/1849432","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/cdr\/1849432","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/cdr\/1849432","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:50:20Z","timestamp":1773769820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/cdr\/1849432"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Irfan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/cdr\/1849432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/cdr\/1849432","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5914","1755-5922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5914","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5922","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1849432"}}