{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:06:28Z","timestamp":1779883588682,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":146,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011218","name":"Sandoz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011218","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007514","name":"Universit\u00e0 di Pisa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007514","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiovascular Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with hypertension, especially when complicated by cardiovascular disease (CVD) and\/or comorbidities, require long\u2010term treatment with a combination of antihypertensive drugs, which often gives rise to complex drug regimens. Dual\u2010agent combination antihypertensive therapy is recommended in most patients with hypertension, and where available, a fixed\u2010dose single\u2010pill combination (SPC) is recommended. The combination of antihypertensive drugs should take into account the patient\u2032s overall CVD risk profile (other CVD risk factors and diagnoses). The combination of a beta\u2010blocker and angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) acts on two neuroendocrine systems implicated in the pathophysiology of hypertension and multiple CVD: beta\u2010blockers on the sympathetic nervous system and ACEis on the renin\u2013angiotensin system (RAS). A large body of solid evidence states that, in addition to their antihypertensive effects, both beta\u2010blockers and ACEis provide cardioprotection and guarantee reductions in CV morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. For these reasons, such a combination might be beneficial for many patients. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the use of beta\u2010blockers and ACEis, as well as the rationale behind their combined administration, particularly in patients with a high risk of CVD, such as those with ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/cdr\/6773898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:20:03Z","timestamp":1779880803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combination Therapy With Beta\u2010Blockers and Angiotensin\u2010Converting Enzyme Inhibitors for Cardiovascular Diseases: Focus on Bisoprolol\/Ramipril"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6994-0223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agostino","family":"Virdis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_1_2","unstructured":"World Heart FederationandWorld Heart Report Confronting the World\u2032s Number One Killer 2023 World Heart Federation Geneva Switzerland. 2023.https:\/\/world-heart-federation.org\/resource\/world-heart-report-2023\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae178"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000614"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-015-0129-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2017:5:1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-021-07248-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13128"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_2","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency Assessment Report EMA\/15850\/2023. Committee For Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 2022 https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/referrals\/rambis-and-associated-names."},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11911-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60685-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization Global Report on Hypertension: The Race Against a Silent Killer. Geneva Switzerland 2023 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240081062."},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01225-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003302"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn575"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01921-8","article-title":"Age-Stratified and Blood-Pressure-Stratified Effects of Blood-Pressure-Lowering Pharmacotherapy for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Death: An Individual Participant-Level Data Meta-Analysis","volume":"398","author":"The Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists\u2032 Collaboration","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01330-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-04313-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06731"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2002.02045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvae048"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19020"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14616"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02462-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01754-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18705\/1607-419X-2019-25-3-295-306"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31928\/1608-635X-2019.1.1930"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01958-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11587000-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_32_2","article-title":"Effectiveness of Perindopril in the Management of Hypertension: Identification of Patient and Physician Determinants of Response to Treatment [Abstract]","volume":"32","author":"Jain S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Hypertension"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_33_2","first-page":"e61","article-title":"Effectiveness of a Support Program Designed to Sensitize and Assist Hypertensive Patients to Decrease Their Salt Consumption [Abstract]","volume":"32","author":"Jain S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Hypertension"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1701\/3679.36659"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002760"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198836030-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199549030-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad191"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae278"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae177"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001309"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2015.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1157\/13087059"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-018-6841-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-017-6747-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7200.1730"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvy034"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401479"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042739"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14286-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3001.093502"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001203420301"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69201-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae195"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae176"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-023-02295-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1043714"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200803-384OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00801-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01847-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22543\/7674.62.P216223"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104274"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharma.2022.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.10.1428"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CEPR.0000012389.01561.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2017.1363729"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.01.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005165"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248415619490"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl484"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027852"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad195"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwab147"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-04339-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102376"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3383"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11181-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.120768"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.90.4.1765"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.582320"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2003.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.74329"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.118741"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr051"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5922.2010.00185.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105313442201"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000035653.72855.BF"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04440-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12141"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200326120-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-017-0686-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706043162301"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(88)80087-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250501"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92693-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199106182-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)04442-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-316823"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000054165.93055.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.70143"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002381"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2477"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1869"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212907"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14668"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.15949"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.115.002524"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1318"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16272"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313236"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041202"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53178_7.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000203845.26690.cb"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.0301214"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0354-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-2961-3"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/cdr\/6773898","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/cdr\/6773898","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/cdr\/6773898","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:20:09Z","timestamp":1779880809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/cdr\/6773898"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Irfan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/cdr\/6773898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/cdr\/6773898","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5914","1755-5922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5914","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5922","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6773898"}}