{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T19:59:32Z","timestamp":1793735972249,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":224,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastrointestinal fistulas are increasingly being encountered in our clinical practice because of the increased burden of Crohn\u2019s disease, bariatric surgeries, interventional endoscopic procedures, nonsurgical trauma, and war and disaster zones worldwide. Presentation depends on the location and specific type of the fistula. Symptomatic ones can have a tremendous impact on social life and can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition, increased morbidity, and mortality. Different imaging studies and endoscopic procedures are done to establish the diagnosis. Treatment modalities to close the fistula depend on the underlying disease and the type of fistula. They include conservative treatment, medical therapy, endoscopic interventions, and surgery. Currently, there is no accepted treatment algorithm due to a lack of controlled clinical trials. The prognosis varies from fistula to fistula, and the mortality can be as high as 50%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/cjgh\/6210421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T13:51:06Z","timestamp":1755093066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Gastrointestinal Fistulas\u2014What Gastroenterologists Need to Know in 2025"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0515-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monjur","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.suppl_4.iv2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181ad5463"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.suppl_4.iv21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43055-019-0007-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","volume-title":"Intestinal Fistula","author":"Farooqi N.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-022-02656-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2017.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5085(03)00392-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-003-0392-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001753"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","first-page":"358","article-title":"Coloenteric Fistula in a Young Patient With Recurrent Diverticulitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","volume":"74","author":"Ahmad D. S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Netherlands Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-2115(03)00086-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56090477"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2011.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01396.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015458.2015.11681145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-1-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2018.0287"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6001\/actamedica.v23i3.3380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2017.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","first-page":"192","article-title":"Primary Aortoduodenal Fistula Due to Septic Aortitis","volume":"33","author":"Calligaro K. D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800590613"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","article-title":"Secondary Aortoenteric Fistula","volume":"9","author":"Mohammadzade M. A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"MedGenMed"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i18.2314"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvscit.2022.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480807401008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i41.15262"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001493"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2016.0078"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12055-022-01345-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Button Battery Induced Traumatic Tracheoesophageal Fistula: Case Report and Review of Literature","volume":"11","author":"Abdulkareem I.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588415X14181254790446"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1096-9098(199609)63:1<65::aid-jso13>3.0.co;2-o"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","first-page":"495","article-title":"Endoscopic Management of Gastrointestinal Fistulae","volume":"10","author":"Kumar N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.038208"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamasurg.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4063-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480907500106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1714284"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","first-page":"219","article-title":"Fistula-in-Ano in a Defined Population. Incidence and Epidemiological Aspects","volume":"73","author":"Sainio P.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2018.0126"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","volume-title":"Acute Diverticulitis","author":"Linzay C. D.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal Fistulae","volume":"68","author":"Galland R. B.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.291075185"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Duodenocaval Fistula Caused by Duodenal Ulcers: A Case Study and Literature Review","volume":"4","author":"Yan X. Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgery and Clinical Case Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533612444541"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_2","first-page":"3674","article-title":"Precise and Comprehensive Evaluation of Perianal Fistulas, Classification and Related Complications Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"15","author":"Zhao W. W.","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_2","first-page":"464","article-title":"High Output Enterocutaneous Fistula: A Literature Review and A Case Study","volume":"21","author":"Tong C. Y.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_2","volume-title":"Enterocutaneous Fistula","author":"Cowan K. B.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198308000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_2","article-title":"Enterocolic Fistula Associated With an Intestinal Lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Wang V.","year":"2007","journal-title":"MedGenMed"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_2","volume-title":"Enterovesical Fistula","author":"Shaydakov M. E.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001745"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_2","volume-title":"Anorectal Fistula","author":"Jimenez M.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1052-3359(03)00030-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_2","volume-title":"Tracheoesophageal Fistula","author":"Salik I.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_2","volume-title":"Aortoenteric Fistula","author":"Dorosh J.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02002340"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2001.111741"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_2","volume-title":"Enterocutaneous Fistula","author":"Bickle I.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262982"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.152.5.999"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-009-0922-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2513081184"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.6.874"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.7789"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e31828f19a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800831022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_2","volume-title":"Surgery of the Tracheal and Bronchi, Illustrated by Edith Tagrin, Chapter XII","author":"Grillo H. C.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2007.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2016.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1280653"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10016-003-0097-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5107(94)70080-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40137-014-0071-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(64)90005-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00012349"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-011-1315-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318260aa26"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262983"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01318372"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05918.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01790.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199905063401804"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11113045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-6296-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4788"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12363"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1703-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.17186"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000143895.17811.e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496913490452"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-33237"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i22.2793"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2020.559443"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-6109(05)70495-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/470281"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197802000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/452340"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_2","first-page":"425","article-title":"Insights on Over-the-Scope Clips","volume":"18","author":"M\u00f6nkem\u00fcller K. E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (NY)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2019.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-007-9161-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2020.0543"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/smj.0b013e3181a5a6a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5107(03)02545-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_2","first-page":"581","article-title":"Total Anal Sphincter Saving Technique for Fistula-in-Ano; The Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract","volume":"90","author":"Rojanasakul A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1570392"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-014-1197-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20608"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.01917.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198005013021801"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030815"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02670.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04486.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2019.1600014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2018.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04587.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5085(03)00877-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2021-000702"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2021.00091"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16358"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac190.0621"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-02095-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life11111133"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3393\/ac.2021.02.08"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000320416"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200203000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11113045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000607"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.12.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4390-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(91)91207-c"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2013.04.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021555"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200405000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2011.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.01.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2018.07.010"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/cjgh\/6210421","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/cjgh\/6210421","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/cjgh\/6210421","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:38:04Z","timestamp":1772984284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/cjgh\/6210421"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Aniruddha Pratap","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/cjgh\/6210421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/cjgh\/6210421","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2291-2789","2291-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2291-2789","type":"print"},{"value":"2291-2797","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6210421"}}