{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T07:20:10Z","timestamp":1787556010671,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":234,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB) and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) are common complications of liver cirrhosis and frequently coexist, with reported prevalence rate up to 32.5%. Their coexistence complicates clinical management and is associated with adverse outcomes. Early identification of PVT may improve patient management and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of PVT in patients with EGVB and to develop a nomogram for the early identification of PVT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective case\u2013control study included 581 consecutive cirrhotic patients with EGVB treated at a single center. Patients were classified into PVT and non\u2010PVT groups according to imaging findings. The demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, and treatment histories were compared between the two groups. Risk factors associated with PVT were identified using logistic regression analysis, and a predictive nomogram was subsequently developed to estimate the probability of PVT occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 581 patients, 201 patients (34.6%) had concomitant PVT. The median age was 55\u2009years (interquartile range, 48.0\u201364.0\u2009years), and 384 (66.1%) were male. Compared with the non\u2010PVT group, patients with PVT more frequently presented with abdominal pain (15.9% vs. 10.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.048) and hepatic hydrothorax (18.9% vs. 12.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.034) than the non\u2010PVT group. Multivariable analysis identified previous splenectomy (OR\u2009=\u20094.615, 95% CI: 2.418\u20138.806;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and endoscopic treatment (OR\u2009=\u20092.414; 95% CI 1.644\u20133.545;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) were as independent risk factors for PVT. Patients with Yerdel Grade IV had a significantly higher prevalence of splenectomy than those with Yerdel Grade I (59.1% vs. 23.4%). Similarly, the prevalence of PVT was significantly higher among patients with a history of endoscopic treatment than among those without (46.9% vs. 26.6%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). D\u2010dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels were significantly elevated in the PVT group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified optimal cutoff values of 0.995\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for D\u2010dimer and 2.665\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for FDP. A nomogram incorporating significant predictors demonstrated moderate discrimination for identifying PVT (AUC\u2009=\u20090.751).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PVT was present in approximately one\u2010third of cirrhotic with EGVB. Previous splenectomy and endoscopic intervention were independently associated with PVT, while abdominal pain and hepatic hydrothorax were more common clinical manifestations. The nomogram showed moderate diagnostic performance and may facilitate early identification of PVT; however, external validation is required before routine clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/cjgh\/8185878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T06:29:26Z","timestamp":1787552966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Retrospective Analysis of 581 Cases of Esophagogastric Variceal Bleeding Complicated by Portal Vein Thrombosis at a Single Center"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4834-7655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5366-8258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9378-715X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3273-5760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derun","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i40.6111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mcg.0000000000000834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7556408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hep.0000000000000538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/ucd.2015.2933"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","first-page":"84","article-title":"Portomesenteric Venous Thrombosis as a Rare Cause of Acute Abdomen in a Young Patient: What Should be the Process of Diagnosis and Management?","volume":"29","author":"\u0130nan M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ulusal Cerrahi Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05572-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2028893"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2009.06.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1217338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28906"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","first-page":"2364","article-title":"Factor V Leiden Mutation, Prothrombin Gene Mutation, and Deficiencies in Coagulation Inhibitors Associated With Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Portal Vein Thrombosis: Results of a Case-Control Study","volume":"96","author":"Janssen H. 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