{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T13:33:16Z","timestamp":1783344796455,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the limited evidence on ocular surface microbiota (OSM) changes after femtosecond laser\u2010assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS\u2010LASIK) and their link to dry eye (DE), this study aimed to compare microbial profiles in patients with and without postoperative DE, offering a basis for early detection and targeted treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients undergoing FS\u2010LASIK were evaluated 3\u2009months postoperatively and stratified into DE (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930) and non\u2010DE groups (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930) based on ocular surface disease index (OSDI), TBUT, and the Schirmer I test. Corneal nerve alterations were assessed using IVCM. Conjunctival sac samples were collected pre\u2010 and postoperatively, and microbiota profiles were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Comparative analysis of the OSM revealed significantly higher \u03b1\u2010diversity in the DE group compared to the NDE group. At the phylum level, a decrease in Proteobacteria and an increase in Bacteroidetes were observed. At the genus level,\n                      <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      were enriched, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were depleted. The abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was positively correlated with OSDI scores and negatively correlated with corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve fiber area (CNFA), and corneal nerve fractal dimension (CFracDim) (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). In contrast,\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was positively associated with the Schirmer I test values and corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). At baseline, patients in the DE group exhibited lower abundances of Cyanobacteria and\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      but higher levels of Verrucomicrobia and\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Postoperative within\u2010group comparisons further showed that, relative to baseline, the DE group had increased abundances of\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Ralstonia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      , along with decreased levels of\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In summary, dysbiosis between the\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      genera may represent both a biomarker of DE susceptibility and a therapeutic target. Additionally, the preoperative microbial composition may influence postoperative dynamics and DE risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06448468.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/cjid\/2148587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:00:01Z","timestamp":1772978401000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ocular Surface Microbiota Alterations Following FS\u2010LASIK and Their Association With Postoperative Dry 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