{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:22:12Z","timestamp":1773008532476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":60,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections have been implicated in cardiac complications in both humans and animals, including myocarditis and pericarditis. This study surveyed the frequency of\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      antibodies and investigated the serum concentrations and gene expression profiles of interferon\u2010gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3) and transforming growth factor\u2010beta (TGF\u2010\u03b2) in myocardial infarction (MI) patients in Iraq.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was conducted on MI (case) and non\u2010MI healthy (control) individuals (200 participants\/each group) in Baghdad, Iraq. The frequency of IgG and IgM anti\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      antibodies and the serum and expression level of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TGF\u2010\u03b2 were assessed by serological and real\u2010time PCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The frequency of anti\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      IgG and IgM antibodies in the patient group was reported to be 55.5% and 4.5%, respectively, while in the non\u2010MI group, this rate was observed to be 42.9% and 2.5%. In addition, both serum levels and gene expression levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TGF\u2010\u03b2 were meaningfully higher in the MI group compared to the non\u2010MI control group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study revealed that individuals with MI exhibited significantly higher concentrations of anti\u2013\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      antibodies compared to non\u2010MI. The data further suggest that IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TGF\u2010\u03b2 serve as critical biomarkers connected in the pathogenesis of MI. Our findings propose that\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      may contribute to the development of MI via immune\u2010mediated inflammatory pathways. This observation indicates potential molecular similarities between the pathological elements of MI and the\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      pathogen. Moreover, the elevated expression of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TGF\u2010\u03b2 may offer a respected context for investigating the involvement of\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      in MI pathophysiology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/cjid\/2553949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T20:25:59Z","timestamp":1773001559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    Infection and Proinflammatory Cytokine Level Assessment in Patients With Myocardial Infarction in Iraq: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4607-4852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Al-Abbas","family":"Fadhil 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