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We demonstrated previously that EBV infection of B cells upregulates CCR1 and CCR2. For 54 therapy\u2010na\u00efve CLL patients of the present study, we analyzed expression of CCR1, CCR2, and CD38 on circulating CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes, determined the EBV load (EBV DNA copy number) and the EBV transcripts (BZLF1, LMP1, LMP2A, and EBNA2) in PB mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and measured levels and avidity of IgG antibodies against the EBV capsid antigen (anti\u2010EBV\u2010CA\u2010IgG). The BZLF1 transcript was determined in one patient; both LMP1 and EBNA2 transcripts were detected in two patients only, and, in these patients, the frequency of CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes that presented CCR1 or CCR2 was elevated by 2.5\u2010, 4.3\u2010, and 2.9\u2010fold and by 2.1\u2010, 1.2\u2010, and 2.9\u2010fold, respectively, relative to the median values in the EBV\u2010positive group (&gt; 5 EBV DNA copies in 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    PBMCs;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200921). The levels and avidity of anti\u2010EBV\u2010CA\u2010IgG were significantly higher in EBV\u2010positive patients compared with the EBV\u2010undetectable group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.007 and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.018, respectively). Noteworthy, the high avidity of anti\u2010EBV\u2010CA\u2010IgG, with the relative avidity index (RAI) range 61.0\u201394.6, was associated in EBV\u2010positive patients with the increased 2.3\u2010fold frequency of CCR2 on CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes, compared to patients with the highest avidity (RAI &gt;\u200995.0;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.006). In patients with the highest anti\u2010EBV\u2010CA\u2010IgG avidity (RAI &gt;\u200995.0;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913), indicative of the high rate of antigen presentation and a recent lytic viral reactivation, the frequency of the CCR2\u2010presenting CD19+CD5+ PB lymphocytes was 1.7\u2010fold lower than the median value of all high\u2010avidity patients (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200931;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.032). We hypothesize that CCR2 directs the migration of leukemic lymphocytes from circulation into ligand\u2010rich lymphoid organs, thereby underlying EBV\u2019s contribution to CLL progression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/cjid\/3145486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T10:35:31Z","timestamp":1786530931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increased Frequency of the Chemokine Receptor CCR2 on Circulating CD19+CD5+ Lymphocytes in Therapy\u2010Na\u00efve CLL Patients With the Detectable EBV DNA and High\u2010Avidity Antibodies Against the EBV Capsid Antigen"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Zvejniece","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2877-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana","family":"Kozireva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7965-0359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariia","family":"Nazarenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Kornilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6059-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alla","family":"Rivkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Lejniece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5907-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ainars","family":"Leonciks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0971-1784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Modra","family":"Murovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7001-4035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Kashuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7208-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Kholodnyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-09-806398"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20773"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-09-302174"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23939"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00616-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13153856"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140178"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4418"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6281"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v94.6.1840"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v94.6.1848.418k05_1848_1854"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v95.7.2455"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v98.9.2633"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072312"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012513-104640"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020342"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S212069"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Sero-Epidemiology 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