{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T06:11:46Z","timestamp":1783923106212,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":192,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The extensive use of antibiotics for treating infectious diseases leads to their release into the environment, which in turn results in antibiotic pollution and thereby facilitates the dissemination of antibiotic\u2010resistance genes (ARGs). Recently, despite the implementation of strict antibiotic usage restrictions, the accumulation of ARGs and multidrug\u2010resistant bacteria in the aquaculture environment continues to show a trend of persistent spread.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The W2 strain was isolated in the presence of 32\u2009\u03bcg\/mL doxycycline. A broth microdilution assay was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations. Whole\u2010genome sequencing was conducted to characterize ARGs and their mobility through bioinformatics analysis. The spread of ARGs was detected by conjugation assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      W2 strain was isolated from the wastewater of a crucian carp aquaculture plant in Jinan, China, and identified as\n                      <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . W2 genome contained a 190,320\u2009bp antibiotic\u2010resistance\u2010conferring integrative and conjugative element (ICE), named ICE\n                      <jats:italic>Pmi<\/jats:italic>\n                      W2. ICE\n                      <jats:italic>Pmi<\/jats:italic>\n                      W2 contains 21 ARGs, 14 conjugative transposon protein\u2010encoding genes, and one complex type I integron. No transconjugants were obtained using W2 as the donor strain and\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      25DN as the recipient strain. However, evolutionary analysis revealed that ICE\n                      <jats:italic>Pmi<\/jats:italic>\n                      W2 likely evolved from ICEs of other\n                      <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The multiple\u2010antibiotic\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      W2 strain with potential pathogenicity to aquatic animals was isolated, and the antibiotic\u2010resistance\u2010conferring ICE\n                      <jats:italic>Pmi<\/jats:italic>\n                      W2 was identified in\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      W2. Our findings suggest that ICE\n                      <jats:italic>Pmi<\/jats:italic>\n                      W2 of\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      W2 can potentially spread ARGs among environmental\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/cjid\/5112699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T05:36:21Z","timestamp":1783920981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Integrative and Conjugative Element ICE\n                    <i>Pmi<\/i>\n                    W2 in\n                    <i>Proteus mirabilis<\/i>\n                    W2 Facilitates the Dissemination of Antibiotic\u2010Resistance Genes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1327-515X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahan","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9775-8545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenchao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14060598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","article-title":"The Rising Tide of Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquaculture: Sources","volume":"15","author":"Watts J. 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