{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T13:07:02Z","timestamp":1781788022660,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":172,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of filler content and polishing of resin\u2010based composites on in vitro biofilm formation of\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococci<\/jats:italic>\n                    species.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Specimens of four commercially available resin\u2010based composites including Z100, P60, Z250, and Z350, with different filler amounts and volumes, were prepared according to the manufacturer\u2019s instructions. Each group was divided into polished and unpolished specimens, which were then placed in a 24\u2010well tissue culture plate with microbial suspension and incubated. The XTT technique was used to evaluate biofilm formation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Z250 resin\u2010based composites, which had the highest percentage of filler (68%), had the highest biofilm metabolic activity. A significantly less microbial biofilm metabolic activity was noted on P60 polished resin\u2010based composites than on unpolished groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Polishing procedures reduce biofilm metabolic activity.\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus salivarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    produced the least biofilm metabolic activity among the\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcal<\/jats:italic>\n                    species (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences between\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    species in the biofilm metabolic activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The results revealed that the amount of filler in resin\u2010based composites had a major impact on the biofilm metabolic activity. Therefore, resin\u2010based composites with a minimized excess resin matrix, minimized filler amount, and smoother surfaces might be more useful in reducing biofilm metabolic activity and secondary caries. These findings may be useful for modifying novel resin\u2010based composite formulations to improve oral health and patient wellbeing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/cjid\/5734405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T05:34:48Z","timestamp":1750570488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Influence of Filler Content and Polishing on\n                    <i>Candida<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Streptococci<\/i>\n                    Biofilm Formation in Resin\u2010Based Composites: An In Vitro Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0314-7502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Zareshahrabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1242-900X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarina","family":"Sahmeddini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Meimandinezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afsoon","family":"Tondari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3338-7112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamiar","family":"Zomorodian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510368644"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-022-4241-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Esthetic Direct Restorations in Endodontically Treated Anterior Teeth","volume":"8","author":"Paolone G.","year":"2013","journal-title":"The European Journal of Esthetic Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216591"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Commercial Oral Hygiene Products and Implant Collar Surfaces: Scanning Electron Microscopy Observations","volume":"54","author":"Bianchi S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","first-page":"108","article-title":"Streptococcus Spp. And Fusobacterium Nucleatum in Tongue Dorsum Biofilm from Halitosis Patients: A Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) Study","volume":"42","author":"Bernardi S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Microbiologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02503-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1696-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","first-page":"179","article-title":"The Role of Streptococcus Mutans in the Oral Biofilm, Epidemiologie, Mikrobiologie, Imunologie: Casopis Spolecnosti Pro Epidemiologii a Mikrobiologii Ceske Lekarske Spolecnosti","volume":"64","author":"Leg\u00e9\u0148ov\u00e1 K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"JE Purkyne"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.198388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-014-5372-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","first-page":"311","article-title":"Surface Properties of Resin-Based Composite Materials and Biofilm Formation: A Review of the Current Literature","volume":"28","author":"Cazzaniga G.","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2018.08.300"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","article-title":"Surface and Mechanical Properties of Different Dental Composites","volume":"2","author":"Abuelenain D. 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