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GLP1 receptor agonists have recently gained recognition as first\u2010line therapies in selected instances, as per the updated ADA guidelines, highlighting their efficacy not only in glycemic control but also in their broader health benefits. Nonetheless, the efficacy of GLP\u20101 is limited by its brief duration of action, rapid clearance from the body, and challenges associated with subcutaneous administration. In this study, we examined the potential diabetes\u2010mitigating effects of a genetically engineered strain of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN)\u2010GLP\u20101, previously developed by our group. We utilized mouse models for both Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to assess its efficacy. In the case of T1DM mice, the results revealed that EcN\u2010GLP\u20101 resulted in a notable decrease in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, it exhibited a protective influence on the structural integrity of islet\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010cells; downregulated the expressions of key inflammatory markers such as TLR\u20104, p\u2010NF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B\/NF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B, and Bax\/Bcl\u20102; promoted the insulin secretion; and reinstated the perturbed diversity of microbial species to a normal state. Similarly, EcN\u2010GLP\u20101 had a pronounced impact on T2DM mice, manifesting increased presence of islet\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010cells, decreased inflammatory response and apoptosis, and regulation of lipid metabolism in the liver. In summary, the genetically modified EcN\u2010GLP\u20101 strain demonstrates the ability to alleviate diabetes by enhancing the islet\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010cell population, mitigating inflammatory reactions and apoptosis, optimizing liver lipid metabolism, and reinstating a balanced microbial diversity. These findings hold promise as a potential avenue for treating DM.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/cjid\/6675676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T06:52:29Z","timestamp":1738133549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Administration of a Next\u2010Generation Probiotic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Nissle 1917\u2010GLP\u20101 Alleviates Diabetes in Mice With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1501-9922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3162-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanghua","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0741-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengyang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0680-2667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0506-8536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingtao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0421-3375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-s002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","volume-title":"Oral and Injectable (Non-insulin) Pharmacological Agents for Type 2 Diabetes","author":"Feingold K. 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