{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:22:11Z","timestamp":1780582931920,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":229,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    As the Coronavirus Disease\u20102019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic intersects with the ongoing Human Immunodeficiency Virus\/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV\/AIDS) crisis, concerns have emerged regarding the susceptibility of people living with HIV\/AIDS (PLWH) to severe outcomes from COVID\u201019. Despite global efforts to understand the interplay between HIV\/AIDS and COVID\u201019, research on this issue remains limited in T\u00fcrkiye. This study investigates the incidence of COVID\u201019 among PLWH in T\u00fcrkiye and factors influencing infection risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    An online survey, conducted from April to June 2023, assessed COVID\u201019 frequency and risk factors among PLWH aged 18\u2009years and older in T\u00fcrkiye. Demographic data such as age, gender, educational background, underlying health conditions, vaccination status, and COVID\u201019 infection history were collected from individuals who voluntarily participated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 354 PLWH from 38 cities in T\u00fcrkiye participated in the study. The median age was 35.8 (range 18\u201376); 78% were male and 65.5% were university graduates. The rate of experienced COVID\u201019 among PLWH was 44.6%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that vaccinated individuals had an 84% lower risk of contracting COVID\u201019 among PLWH. In sum, 80 participants were not vaccinated in this study; of them, 27.5% identified as vaccine opponents and 25% expressed vaccine hesitancy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    These findings suggest that vaccination status is the key determinant of COVID\u201019 susceptibility among young and well\u2010educated PLWH in T\u00fcrkiye. The notable level of vaccine hesitancy and opposition of PLWH highlights the need for public health initiatives aimed at addressing misinformation and enhancing vaccine confidence.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study underscores the urgent need to address vaccine hesitancy and vaccine opposition among educated PLWH in T\u00fcrkiye. Amid evolving SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 variants, vaccination remains paramount in mitigating COVID\u201019 risks among PLWH. Further research should delve deeper into demographic\u2010specific vaccine concerns to optimize public health strategies and meet the unique needs of PLWH communities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/cjid\/6767853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T04:20:32Z","timestamp":1755577232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["COVID\u201019 Incidence and Factors Influencing Infection Risk Among People Living With HIV in T\u00fcrkiye: Is Current Issue the Vaccine Hesitancy\u2010Opposition?"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6182-1262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asuman","family":"Inan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5347-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orcun","family":"Barkay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7324-8090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arda","family":"Karap\u0131nar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4657-5291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma","family":"Y\u0131lmaz-Karadag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8493-5000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selman","family":"Aktas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6475-3894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sibel","family":"Bolukcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS 2024 Global HIV\/AIDS Statistics Fact Sheet Factsheet 2024\u2014Latest Global Andregional HIV Statistics on the Status of the AIDS Epidemic 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","unstructured":"WHO Director-General\u2019s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19\u2014March 2020 (unaids.org) 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","unstructured":"EACS and BHIVA Statement on Risk of COVID-19 for People Living With HIV (PLWH) COVID-19 and HIV 2024.https:\/\/www.eacsociety.org\/home\/eacs-bhiva-statement-20-march\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01438-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa880"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaa158"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-021-00335-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30305-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00070-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7020022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85359-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-021-00427-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2021.10107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-3018(23)00266-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2911.230577"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","unstructured":"TC Ministry of Health COVID-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu 2025 https:\/\/covid19.saglik.gov.tr\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","unstructured":"TC Ministry of Health HIV AIDS \u0130statistikleri 2025 https:\/\/hsgm.saglik.gov.tr\/depo\/birimler\/bulasici-hastaliklar-ve-erken-uyari-db\/Dokumanlar\/Istatistikler\/Ek_HIV-AIDS_Istatistikleri.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25955"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2022.2148156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2006-140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162x18666201201093540"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162x20666220303103805"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","volume-title":"Harrison\u2019s Principles of Internal Medicine","author":"Bettinger J. 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