{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:42:46Z","timestamp":1773013366877,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":202,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008257","name":"Tarbiat Modares University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cholera remains a global challenge, and understanding how\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    adapts to environmental condition is essential for innovating new management strategies. This research aims to examine the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>ctxAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>tcpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes in\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (El Tor and classical biotypes) after interaction with Caco\u20102\u2009cells compared to brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. After assaying of viability of Caco\u20102\u2009cells against\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10, 20, 50, and 80, the number of bacteria attached to Caco\u20102\u2009cells was determined using the adhesion assay. To conduct a valid comparison, an equivalent number of bacteria that attached to Caco\u20102\u2009cells was inoculated into BHI broth. The expression of\n                    <jats:italic>ctxAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>tcpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes in\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (El Tor and classical biotypes) was assayed using the real\u2010time PCR method. After interaction of Caco\u20102\u2009cells with\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the expression of the genes\n                    <jats:italic>ctxAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>tcpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the El Tor biotype increased by 2\u2010, 1.02\u2010, and 7\u2010fold, respectively, while in the classical biotype, it increased by 6\u2010, 2\u2010, and 13\u2010fold, respectively. The expression of the genes\n                    <jats:italic>ctxAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n                    was significantly increased in Caco\u20102\u2009cells in both biotypes. There was a significant increase in the expression of the gene\n                    <jats:italic>tcpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the classical biotype, while no significant increase was detected in the expression of this gene in the El Tor biotype. Caco\u20102\u2009cells induced the highest increase in\n                    <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression in the classical biotype, while there was no significant effect on\n                    <jats:italic>tcpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression in the El Tor biotype of\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In conclusion,\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed greater pathogenicity in the Caco\u20102\u2009cells. Knowing the behavior of\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in different conditions can lead to create innovative strategies for combating and managing cholera.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/cjid\/9936375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T05:39:52Z","timestamp":1753249192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Expression of Virulence Factors of\n                    <i>V. cholerae<\/i>\n                    After Interaction With the Human Colon Adenocarcinoma (Caco\u20102) Cell Line"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Kheradmand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0043-0831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Saberpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7523-7905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bita","family":"Bakhshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahboube","family":"Bahroudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy486"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1845039"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae, Classification, Pathogenesis, Immune Response, and Trends in Vaccine Development","volume":"10","author":"Montero D. 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