{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T21:29:39Z","timestamp":1773782979498,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":287,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lepra reactions (LR) are acute inflammatory conditions with immune mediators that are highly morbid. Patients with the lepromatous end of the leprosy spectrum (BL\u2010LL) are the only ones who develop Type\u20102 LR. 90% of the time, it happens during or right after treatment, usually within 2\u2009years. The emergence of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) suggests a paradoxical immune reaction and hypersensitivity to leprosy bacteria that results in painful erythematous nodules and systemic symptoms. Here, we present a case of Type 2 LR in a 41\u2010year\u2010old Indian man diagnosed with lepromatous leprosy 2\u2009years ago. He was treated with MDT regime for 12\u2009months and was compliant with treatment till 1\u2009month before presenting with fever, cough, red eyes, and painful erythematous nodules involving his trunk and extremities. This case underscores the severe systemic inflammatory response that can be triggered by noncompliance with MDT, mimicking sepsis and requiring prompt recognition and management. Early recognition of ENL and appropriate management are essential to alleviate symptoms and prevent serious complications that may result from this serious condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/crdi\/1071013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T05:20:57Z","timestamp":1760592057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Revealing Erythema Nodosum Leprosum in a Leprosy Patient: A Case of Treatment Noncompliance"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6858-3375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bassem","family":"Alhariri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Memon Noor","family":"Illahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namaa Abubaker Suliman","family":"Elshaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashid Gamal Mohamed","family":"Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noof","family":"AlQahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","volume-title":"Harrison\u2019s Principles of Internal Medicine","author":"Joanne M.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104475"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/leprosy."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","article-title":"Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Associated With Lepromatous Leprosy: A Case Report and Review of Literature","volume":"92","author":"Akinboro A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leprosy Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","article-title":"Type II Reaction Erythema Nodosum Leprosum: A Case Report","volume":"8","author":"Jonas K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Access"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_561_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00233"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.33846"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004065"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2024.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1298749"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008678"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crdi\/1071013","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/crdi\/1071013","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crdi\/1071013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:56:00Z","timestamp":1773770160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/crdi\/1071013"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rajib","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/crdi\/1071013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/crdi\/1071013","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6625","2090-6633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-6625","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-6633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1071013"}}