{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T06:06:11Z","timestamp":1784181971559,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":195,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nocardiosis disproportionately affects immunocompromised hosts. Early identification of\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections is critical as delays can lead to worse outcomes. Species such as\n                      <jats:italic>N. farcinica<\/jats:italic>\n                      are associated with increased risk of dissemination and resistance. Diagnosis of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised populations relies on culture, antigen, or serologic methods that often have limited sensitivity or specificity. Plasma microbial cell\u2010free DNA metagenomic next\u2010generation sequencing (mNGS) offers a noninvasive approach for early diagnosis of opportunistic infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report a case of pulmonary nocardiosis in an 87\u2010year\u2010old man with myelodysplastic syndrome and prolonged neutropenia diagnosed by plasma mNGS. He had been hospitalized multiple times with recurrent febrile neutropenia and respiratory symptoms. Standard noninvasive microbiologic workup was unrevealing, but lower respiratory specimens could not be readily obtained. Due to elevated risk of complications from invasive testing, plasma mNGS was used as a complementary tool and identified\n                      <jats:italic>N. farcinica<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Anti\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      therapy was initiated, and his fevers resolved.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      mNGS is an emerging diagnostic tool that may identify\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      species from clinical specimens with a faster turnaround time than culture and enables rapid species identification. Although culture is still recommended for susceptibility testing, mNGS may expedite diagnosis in particular situations. This case supports the role of plasma mNGS as a complementary tool in the evaluation of febrile neutropenia and highlights its diagnostic potential.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/crdi\/2832247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:21:09Z","timestamp":1784179269000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pulmonary Nocardiosis Diagnosed by Plasma Metagenomic Next\u2010Generation Sequencing in a Patient With Recurrent Febrile Neutropenia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6729-0880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Vega Brizneda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6040-4304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Lum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3712-9188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2098-2868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary A.","family":"Yetmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00027-21","article-title":"Updated Review on Nocardia Species: 2006\u20132021","author":"Traxler R. 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Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01868-19","article-title":"Retrospective Analysis of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Nocardia Species from a Tertiary Hospital and Reference Laboratory, 2011 to 2017","volume":"64","author":"Hamdi A. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofag008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad599"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.48.3.832-837.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1425655"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad409","article-title":"Mortality After Nocardiosis: Risk Factors and Evaluation of Disseminated Infection","author":"Yetmar Z.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01531-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw489"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211989"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crdi\/2832247","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/crdi\/2832247","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crdi\/2832247","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:21:10Z","timestamp":1784179270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/crdi\/2832247"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Priya","family":"Gusain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/crdi\/2832247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/crdi\/2832247","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6625","2090-6633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-6625","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-6633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2832247"}}