{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T07:15:13Z","timestamp":1783062913984,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":182,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulmonary nocardiosis is uncommon and usually affects immunocompromised hosts, but it can occur in immunocompetent patients and mimic primary lung malignancy clinically and radiographically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 52\u2010year\u2010old immunocompetent woman presented with one month of cough, hemoptysis, and mild shortness of breath after repeated hiking exposures in Mexico and Central California. Chest CT showed bilateral apical ground\u2010glass opacities and a spiculated, pleural\u2010based mass involving the right upper and lower lobes, raising concern for primary lung cancer. HIV testing was negative; HbA1c was 5.1%; and initial sputum, blood, and acid\u2010fast bacilli studies were negative. CT\u2010guided biopsy showed acute and chronic inflammation, necrosis, and stromal fibrosis without well\u2010formed granulomas. Gram stain identified Gram\u2010positive rods. Tissue culture grew\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia paucivorans<\/jats:italic>\n                      , identified by MALDI\u2010TOF MS and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Susceptibility testing showed TMP\u2010SMX susceptibility. She received prolonged oral TMP\u2010SMX from November 2022 through December 2024, with resolution of cough and hemoptysis. Serum creatinine rose mildly during therapy but normalized without interruption. Follow\u2010up CT showed improvement in the dominant mass, with residual bilateral upper\u2010lobe abnormalities favored to represent postinflammatory fibrosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pulmonary\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia paucivorans<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection can closely mimic lung cancer, even in immunocompetent hosts. When noninvasive testing is unrevealing, tissue biopsy may be necessary for diagnosis. Radiological follow\u2010up after treatment is warranted to exclude occult malignancy masked by infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/crdi\/4621773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T06:16:36Z","timestamp":1783059396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pulmonary\n                    <i>Nocardia paucivorans<\/i>\n                    Infection Mimicking Lung Cancer in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2360-6190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Mekhail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Shiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunmozhi","family":"Aravagiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Made","family":"Sutjita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mcp.0b013e3282f85dd3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2007.01078.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012436"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000525509"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00542"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02942-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae643"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1708816"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.9.3532-3534.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.06243-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2017.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmr.2017.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bb.2026.14101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000219273.57933.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-014-0609-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.4659"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4221-00208"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-944276","article-title":"Pulmonale Nokardiose mit Trimethoprim\/Sulfamethoxazol Resistenter Nocardia paucivorans bei Einem Patienten Ohne Hinweise auf Immunsuppression","volume":"61","author":"Wegerle S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.08.1978","article-title":"Rare Case of Nocardia Empyema in an Immunocompromised Host","volume":"156","author":"George J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","first-page":"89","article-title":"Fatal Nocardia paucivorans Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in a Tuberculosis Suspect Who Worked as a Gold Miner","volume":"13","author":"Nour E. 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