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Some of these are leishmaniasis and hepatitis C and their treatments, especially direct\u2010acting antivirals, which may induce reconstitution of the cellular immunity and activate a latent autoinflammatory disease. Case presentation: We present a 51\u2010year\u2010old Caucasian patient with chronic HCV liver disease and HIV Stage A3 who suffered from kidney disease throughout his life. In the first episode, he debuted with nephrotic proteinuria when he was not taking any treatment for HIV. Renal biopsy showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis that could be due to HIV or other infectious\u2010related disease such as leishmaniasis. Whatever it is, the proteinuria responded to treatment for both infectious diseases. Nine years later, while the patient was on treatment with a new antiviral for HCV, he presented a complete nephrotic syndrome flare. A second biopsy showed amyloidosis A. The first biopsy was then reviewed, and minimal traces of amyloid were detected. Conclusions: Kidney involvement in HIV patients should be examined with high precision to detect any sign of different renal pathologies that may coexist. Comorbidities and their treatments might challenge and add to the differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/crdi\/7937029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T10:12:59Z","timestamp":1769595179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Different Sequential Renal Involvement in a Patient With HIV and Hepatitis C: From HIV\u2010 or Leishmaniasis\u2010Related Collapsing Glomerulosclerosis to Direct\u2010Acting Antivirals\u2019 Renal Amyloidosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Adoraci\u00f3n","family":"Mart\u00edn G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Caba Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez 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