{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:36:16Z","timestamp":1753882576694,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":330,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> tracheobronchitis (AT) is an uncommon yet severe form of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, with a notably low incidence among individuals living with HIV infection\u2014accounting for merely 4.5% (7 out of 156 cases) in recent reviews. The advent of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly altered the landscape of opportunistic infections in HIV, rendering conditions like AT rare in well\u2010controlled cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Case Presentation:<\/jats:bold> We present the case of a woman in her mid\u201020s with well\u2010managed HIV infection who experienced a 4\u2010week history of fever and dyspnea. Diagnostic procedures, including bronchoscopy, revealed granulation tissue obstructing her right main bronchus. Cultures confirmed infection with <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>, leading to a diagnosis of AT. Despite initial positive response to voriconazole treatment, the patient developed severe hemoptysis and unfortunately succumbed to the complication.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> This case underscores the critical need for healthcare providers to consider AT in the differential diagnosis of respiratory symptoms in HIV\u2010positive patients, even when HIV is well\u2010controlled with ART. Early recognition and prompt antifungal therapy are essential for improving outcomes. Clinicians should remain vigilant for severe complications like hemoptysis, which can occur despite appropriate therapy. This report highlights the ongoing necessity for vigilance and proactive intervention in the care of individuals living with HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/crdi\/9748358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T08:33:31Z","timestamp":1732610011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Aspergillus<\/i> Tracheobronchitis With Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy in a Patient With Well\u2010Controlled HIV Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"given":"Ekachai","family":"Singhatiraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Korsin","family":"Tiengburanatarm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3818-9761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krit","family":"Pongpirul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197003000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540510044445"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.7.812"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02923.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0046-8177(85)80148-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0b013e31826c2ccf"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1996.tb00156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.3.344"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1985.131.6.961"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.18806"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2014.46.3.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.1988-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03142-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/jns-nmc.2022-0053"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crdi\/9748358","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T08:33:34Z","timestamp":1732610014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/crdi\/9748358"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dawei","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/crdi\/9748358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/crdi\/9748358","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6625","2090-6633"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-6625"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-6633"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9748358"}}