{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T08:14:52Z","timestamp":1783498492916,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":188,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a serious pulmonary manifestation of chronic graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease (cGvHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Data from low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries remain scarce. We conducted a case series of 11 patients diagnosed with BOS between November 2023 and June 2025 at the National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. Clinical characteristics, treatments, pulmonary function, and outcomes over 12\u2009months were analyzed. The series was predominantly male (81.8%), with a median age of 34\u2009years (range, 12\u201357). The median time from HSCT to BOS diagnosis was 24\u2009months (range, 11\u201372). All patients received fluticasone, azithromycin, montelukast (FAM) plus long\u2010acting bronchodilators, and 4 patients also received systemic corticosteroids. Median baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was 1.35\u2009L (range, 0.53\u20132.48), corresponding to 40% predicted (range, 18\u201368). Over 12\u2009months, 9\/11 patients (81.8%) were hospitalized for respiratory infections, with invasive aspergillosis in 7\/14 episodes (50%). Four patients (36.4%) died, three from infections, and one from autoimmune cerebritis. Median survival among deceased patients was 6.5\u2009months. Among survivors, lung function was generally stable, with no significant change in FEV\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    across baseline, 3, 6, and 12\u2009months (Friedman test,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    value\u2009=\u20090.37). BOS after HSCT in Vietnam was associated with high early mortality and a high incidence of invasive fungal disease. Systemic corticosteroid use appeared to increase infection\u2010related deaths, while steroid\u2010sparing regimens such as FAM combined with bronchodilators stabilized lung function in most survivors. Early detection, antifungal prophylaxis, and steroid\u2010sparing strategies are crucial in this high\u2010risk population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/crh\/8055215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T07:30:21Z","timestamp":1783495821000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Management Challenges and Outcomes of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: First Case Series Report From Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5145-3657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luong","family":"Dinh-Van","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0431-4938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoang-Anh","family":"Nguyen-Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6059-0992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen","family":"Tran-Ngoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8570-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bich-Ngoc 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