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Despite their similarities, they have distinct etiologies, clinical implications, and medical management strategies. Pleural fluid analysis of cholesterol and triglyceride levels is crucial to differentiate between them, establish a proper diagnosis, and guide clinical evaluation and treatment. This case report describes an uncommon presentation of pseudochylothorax associated with long\u2010standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a patient with no prior history of pleural disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/crii\/2358654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T11:43:27Z","timestamp":1792496607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chylothorax vs. Pseudochylothorax: Cholesterol Crystal Finding in Pleural Effusion"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6677-889X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Pizarro Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Department Hospital Valle de los Pedroches  Pozoblanco C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9849-3477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Ruiz","family":"Artero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Department Hospital Valle de los Pedroches  Pozoblanco C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Jim\u00e9nez","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Department Hospital Valle de los Pedroches  Pozoblanco C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9290-1196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen Garc\u00eda","family":"Rabaneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Department Hospital Valle de los Pedroches  Pozoblanco C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4243-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e9lix Gasc\u00f3n","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Department Hospital Valle de los Pedroches  Pozoblanco C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.07.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2013.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7846962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2021.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbr.2020.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.0000000000001869"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2023.108637"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-1636"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crii\/2358654","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/crii\/2358654","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crii\/2358654","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T11:43:27Z","timestamp":1792496607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/crii\/2358654"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Suraiya","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/crii\/2358654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/crii\/2358654","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6609","2090-6617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-6609","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-6617","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2358654"}}