{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:23:54Z","timestamp":1791559434206,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":263,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may overlap with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (SS), leading to complex systemic involvement, including neurological and pulmonary manifestations. We report a 60\u2010year\u2010old woman with a 10\u2010year history of SLE\u2013SS overlap presenting with headaches and bilateral visual impairment. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) had been discontinued 4 months prior due to HCQ\u2010related optic neuropathy confirmed on optical coherence tomography (OCT). Ophthalmologic evaluation revealed bilateral optic neuritis. Immunological testing showed high\u2010titre antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) in both serum (1:640) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (1:320), with positive anti\u2010dsDNA, anti\u2010SSA\/Ro52, anti\u2010Sm\/RNP, and anti\u2010ribosomal P antibodies. CSF analysis was normal, without pleocytosis, hyperproteinorrhachia, oligoclonal bands, or intrathecal IgG synthesis (IgG index 0.61). Brain MRI showed non\u2010enhancing periventricular demyelinating lesions, and thoracic CT revealed bilateral bronchiectasis. The patient received intravenous methylprednisolone (500\u2009mg\/day\u2009\u00d7\u20093 days) followed by oral corticosteroids, with leflunomide added as an immunomodulatory agent given the overlap syndrome context, resulting in a favourable clinical outcome. The absence of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis and oligoclonal bands supports blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction rather than a primary demyelinating process, highlighting the diagnostic challenge in SLE\u2013SS overlap. ANA detection in CSF may serve as a supportive marker for neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) in overlap syndromes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/crii\/3015090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:28:47Z","timestamp":1789986527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Presence of Antinuclear Antibodies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and in the Serum in a Patient With Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome and Systemic Lupus: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2078-9260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cherqaoui","family":"Ayman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4696-9881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taif","family":"Hiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laraki","family":"Kenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3180-3223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadili","family":"Hajar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snoussi","family":"Malak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zrara","family":"Abdelhamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El Bakkouri","family":"Jalila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2012.03.356"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.61678"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2018.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103756"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhum.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14030242"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201026"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003347"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126643"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7406-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80135-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2015.01.001"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crii\/3015090","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/crii\/3015090","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crii\/3015090","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:28:48Z","timestamp":1789986528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/crii\/3015090"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Suraiya","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/crii\/3015090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/crii\/3015090","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6609","2090-6617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-6609","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-6617","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"3015090"}}