{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:47:48Z","timestamp":1792601268707,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":293,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    keratitis (NK) is an uncommon infectious keratitis that may present with characteristic or atypical corneal morphology. We report two patients with contrasting clinical appearances and diagnostic courses, highlighting the differing contribution of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and microbiological testing. A 19\u2010year\u2010old male farmer presented after suspected dust exposure with multiple superficial pinhead infiltrates arranged in a wreath\u2010like pattern. Gram staining showed Gram\u2010positive branching bacilli, and high\u2010quality IVCM demonstrated fine hyperreflective branching structures at the ulcer margin. A 37\u2010year\u2010old male welder presented after ocular trauma with a sharply demarcated paracentral infiltrate. Initial Gram staining was negative, and an IVCM examination performed at a different site was technically limited and non\u2010diagnostic; however, culture on chocolate agar grew\n                    <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species after 3 days, and modified acid\u2010fast staining confirmed partially acid\u2010fast branching filaments. Both patients were diagnosed with NK and improved with amikacin\u2010based topical therapy and sulfacetamide. These cases show that NK may have classic or atypical morphology and that a technically limited or inconclusive IVCM examination does not exclude the diagnosis. Corneal scraping, appropriate staining, and culture remain essential when NK is clinically possible.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/crop\/1502013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:37:01Z","timestamp":1792600621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Classic and Atypical Presentations of\n                    <i>Nocardia<\/i>\n                    Keratitis: A Two\u2010Case Report Highlighting Diagnostic Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6357-1033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehrnaz","family":"Atighehchian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Farabi Eye Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran  tums.ac.ir"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology TeMS.C. Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran  tiau.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3130-9660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohreh","family":"Abedinifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Unit Department of Pathology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Farabi Eye Hospital  Tehran Iran  tums.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7118-1756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Latifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran  tums.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9695-3549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roya","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farabi Eye Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran  tums.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3659-1933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Kasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farabi Eye Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran  tums.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4736-2254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Saberghadim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farabi Eye Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran  tums.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000462"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00207-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199801000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20070301-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.08.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318033d853"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","first-page":"217","article-title":"Nocardia Asteroides Keratitis: Report of Seven Patients and Literature Review","volume":"48","author":"Rao S. K.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-022-00287-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.03.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13182"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.10.928"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crop\/1502013","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/crop\/1502013","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crop\/1502013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:37:02Z","timestamp":1792600622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/crop\/1502013"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Giusti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/crop\/1502013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/crop\/1502013","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6722","2090-6730"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-6722","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-6730","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-09-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1502013"}}