{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T12:13:20Z","timestamp":1783685600915,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":190,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case report discusses cavernous sinus metastases arising from uveal melanoma, which manifested after a 7\u2010year remission period. The diagnosis of systemic metastatic disease was made based on ocular symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of metastatic uveal melanoma to the cavernous sinus. The initial presentation posed challenges as it resembled Tolosa\u2013Hunt syndrome, supported by neuroimaging and response to steroid treatment. Initially, suspicion of malignancy was low due to the 7\u2010year remission period with no ocular or systemic signs suggestive of metastasis. However, repeat imaging was performed due to worsening symptoms upon tapering of steroid treatment. Subsequently, a biopsy was obtained which confirmed the diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 76\u2010year\u2010old male with a history of left eye choroidal melanoma treated 7 years earlier and achieving complete remission on subsequent follow\u2010ups presented with worsening pain, diplopia, and left ophthalmoplegia upon tapering steroids. An initial MRI suggested Tolosa\u2013Hunt syndrome. A follow\u2010up MRI revealed enlargement of the left cavernous sinus with enhancing soft tissue, extending into the orbital fissures and foramen rotundum. A left orbital\u2010zygomatic craniotomy biopsy confirmed malignant melanoma metastasis originating from the choroidal melanoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case underscores the challenge of overlapping clinical presentations and the potential for delayed recognition of metastatic malignancies in unusual sites. Therefore, it emphasizes the importance of vigilant follow\u2010up and consideration of surgical biopsy, if feasible, to explore alternative causes<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/crop\/9124926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:14:48Z","timestamp":1783682088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metastatic Malignant Melanoma Masquerading as Tolosa\u2013Hunt Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3873-6393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bashaer","family":"Aldhahwani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin I.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Santoscoy-Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4915-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Pasol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_457_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001778"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1398"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","first-page":"481","article-title":"Painful ophthalmoplegia: A Systematic Approach to Diagnosis and Management","volume":"31","author":"Keene W.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","first-page":"148","article-title":"Metastatic Tumors of the Cavernous Sinus: A Clinical Series and Review of the Literature","volume":"62","author":"Caliskan M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.77.4.0508"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.202970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0286-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000886","article-title":"Metastatic Malignant Melanoma to the Cavernous Sinus: A Case of Recurrent Disease Presenting as Parkinson Syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Dryden S. C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/jbr-btr.1308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_904_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Corticosteroid-Responsive Cavernous Sinus Lesions: A Diagnostic Trap","volume":"25","author":"Spitzer S. G.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","article-title":"Corticosteroids in Brain Metastases: Benefits and Pitfalls","volume":"18","author":"Grewal J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Oncology Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","first-page":"932","article-title":"Neoplastic Mimicry of Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome: Radiographic Resolution With Systemic Corticosteroids","volume":"74","author":"Thomas D. J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology Clinical Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002385","article-title":"Correlation of Gene Expression Profile Status and American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage in Uveal Melanoma","volume":"40","author":"Berry D. E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crop\/9124926","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/crop\/9124926","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crop\/9124926","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:14:49Z","timestamp":1783682089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/crop\/9124926"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Huban","family":"Atilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/crop\/9124926"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/crop\/9124926","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6722","2090-6730"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-6722","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-6730","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9124926"}}