{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:17:01Z","timestamp":1789139821686,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":204,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82160439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82160439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019413","name":"Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Science Research Fund Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025Y0414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025Y0414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019413","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cardiology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Left ventricular dysfunction, disturbed mitophagy, and persistent oxidative stress after myocardial infarction (MI) are critical drivers of myocardial injury and cardiac remodeling. Exercise\u2010based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a cornerstone of post\u2010MI treatment and management, yet its mechanistic effects on myocardial repair remain incompletely elucidated. This study aimed to the effect of exercise\u2010based CR on the left ventricular dysfunction, mitophagy, and oxidative stress post\u2010MI.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Mendelian randomization analysis elucidated causal relationship between six physical activities and MI. Subsequently, 70 MI patients were randomized to control or exercise\u2010based CR groups (moderate\u2010to\u2010vigorous physical activity intensity, 3\u2009days\/week, 10\u201350\u2009min\/day, 12\u2009weeks); left ventricular function, cardiopulmonary function, and SF\u201036 quality of life scale were assessed pre\u2010\/postintervention using standardized protocols. Additionally, 21 rats were allocated to Sham, MI, or MI\u2009+\u2009treadmill running groups (high\u2010intensity interval exercise training, 5\u2009days\/week, 30\u201350\u2009min\/day, 10\u201325\u2009m\/min, 4\u2009weeks); left ventricular function, mitophagy, and oxidative stress were detected postintervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Genetically predicted moderate\u2010to\u2010vigorous intensity physical activity was significantly associated with lower risk of MI (IVW OR\u2009=\u20090.66, 95% CI: 0.54\u20130.81), with no causal links for other activities. Critically, clinical and animal studies demonstrated that exercise\u2010based CR improved left ventricular systolic function (LVEF) after MI. Four\u2010week exercise in MI rats enhanced mitophagy levels (LC3, FUNDC1, PINK1, and Parkin) and attenuated oxidative injury (MDA, GSH, SOD2, and GPX4) post\u2010MI. Additionally, exercise\u2010based CR also improved cardiopulmonary function (peak VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/kg, peakVO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/pred%, and MET) in patients with MI and ameliorated mitochondrial damage in MI rats. However, GLS, secondary cardiopulmonary parameters (Wmax, HRR1min, peakVO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/HR, and peakVO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/HRpred%), and SF\u201036 (PCS and MCS) showed no significant changes, which may be associated with shorter duration of exercise intervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Exercise\u2010based CR significantly ameliorated left ventricular dysfunction, enhanced mitophagy levels, and attenuated oxidative stress post\u2010MI, establishing its role in critical pathological mechanisms. Future studies should validate long\u2010term sustainability of exercise\u2010based CR and explore the interaction mechanism between mitophagy and oxidative stress in cardiac remodeling, providing personalized and precise exercise protocols for people at high risk of exercise.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/crp\/7778063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T07:03:28Z","timestamp":1753340608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exercise\u2010Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Mitophagy, and Oxidative Stress Postmyocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8309-5083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changyong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5342-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haojie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2562-3760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuangfeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0744-0802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1195-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruijie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1952-830X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1574-1416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suli","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2099-5001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menghan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7726-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunzhu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000663"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad191"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","first-page":"e563","article-title":"ACC\/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"11","author":"Arnett D. K.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa605"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/s1973-9087.23.08094-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwab060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2024.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-025-01142-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155626"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07743-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22441"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01165-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0120-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.14163"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040896"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320913379"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw180"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)31634-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.110.010710"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146472"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15553-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-020-01257-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000007744"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac747"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.869501"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","article-title":"Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation for Coronary Heart Disease","volume":"11","author":"Dibben G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac223"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15892"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.124.323800"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101770"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2022.109147"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-024-00572-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022724-104836"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154494"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","article-title":"FUNDC1: An Emerging Mitochondrial and MAMs Protein for Mitochondrial Quality Control in Heart Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Bai X.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","first-page":"631","article-title":"Effects of Exercises with Different Durations and Intensities on Mitochondrial Autophagy and FUNDC1 Expression in Rat Skeletal Muscles","volume":"5","author":"Yu L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sheng Li Xue Bao: Acta Physiologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4079041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102820"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04361-7"}],"container-title":["Cardiology Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crp\/7778063","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/crp\/7778063","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crp\/7778063","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:22:45Z","timestamp":1773004965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/crp\/7778063"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rongjun","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/crp\/7778063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/crp\/7778063","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-8016","2090-0597"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-8016","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-0597","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"7778063"}}