{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T10:01:15Z","timestamp":1784973675328,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":205,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perinatal asphyxia is frequently complicated by cardiovascular instability. Although hypotension and myocardial dysfunction are widely recognized, systemic hypertension after asphyxia has been described in human neonates and may represent a distinct hemodynamic phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Report<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present two infants with hypoxic\u2010ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia who developed systemic hypertension following rewarming and received milrinone as part of hemodynamic management. Blood pressure normalized during the recovery phase while the infants were receiving milrinone; however, the observational nature of these cases precludes conclusions regarding treatment efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review of Literature<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We provide a narrative review summarizing the available human evidence for postrewarming systemic hypertension and discuss potential mechanisms, implications for phenotype\u2010directed management, and priorities for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These cases suggest the existence of systemic hypertension emerging after therapeutic hypothermia as a distinct postrewarming hemodynamic phenotype (HYPER\u2010HIE phenotype), characterized by elevated systemic vascular resistance despite recovering myocardial function. Recognition of this phenotype has important implications for postrewarming cardiovascular surveillance and phenotype\u2010directed hemodynamic management in neonatal encephalopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/crpe\/1742901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T09:46:33Z","timestamp":1784972793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HYPER\u2010HIE Phenotype: Postrewarming Systemic Hypertension Following Hypoxic\u2010Ischemic Encephalopathy\u2014A Case Report and Mechanistic Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3477-3741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimann","family":"Surak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9798-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg M.","family":"Schm\u00f6lzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2002.023093"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","article-title":"Neonatal Organ System Injury in Acute Birth Asphyxia Sufficient to Result in Neonatal Encephalopathy","volume":"99","author":"Hankins G.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(95)70174-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/ther.2020.0035","article-title":"Organ Complications of Infants with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Before","volume":"11","author":"Michniewicz B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16111"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1701024"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2022.105563"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.39.3.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2019.1581462"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fml053"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-022-01459-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01205-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00363"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020347"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794x221099263"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_2","article-title":"Determinants of Blood Pressure in Infants Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units: a Prospective Multicenter Study. Philadelphia Neonatal Blood Pressure Study Group","author":"Zubrow A. B.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_2","article-title":"Plasma Catecholamines During Hypoxemia in Fetal Lamb","volume":"12","author":"Cohen W. R.","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00134.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22426-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00263.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73453-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_2","article-title":"Acute Systemic Organ Injury in Term Infants After Asphyxia","volume":"143","author":"Perlman J. M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715822"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_2","article-title":"Cardiovascular Performance in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Under Therapeutic Hypothermia: Evaluation by Conventional and Advanced Echocardiographic Techniques","author":"Nunes V. A. C.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatric Cardiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00512"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90204-4","article-title":"Electrocardiographic Waveform Changes and Catecholamine Responses During Acute Hypoxia in the Immature and Mature Fetal Lamb","volume":"160","author":"Widmark C.","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp010960"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"The Role of the Adrenal Medulla and Peripheral Sympathetic Nerves in the Physiological Responses of the Fetal Sheep to Hypoxia","volume":"10","author":"Jones C. T.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.614585"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.23-7-e486"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2015.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213537"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02057.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200018020-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00723.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.118.311282"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112984"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/21537658261416472","article-title":"Renin\u2013Aldosterone Activation and Enhanced Urinary Potassium Excretion in Asphyxiated Newborns Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia: a Prospective Study","author":"Ba\u015ftu\u011f O.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001846"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1034170"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218038"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.69699\/ssnimcj.2024.v9.i1.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3291.ijcp20221608"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_2","article-title":"Evaluation of Risk Factors and Outcomes of Neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy and Acute Kidney Injury","volume":"45","author":"Todo B. C. S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-023-06214-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/ther.2023.0009","article-title":"Acute Kidney Injury in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Patients Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia: Incidence and Risk Factors","volume":"14","author":"Dincer E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152128","article-title":"Neuroprotective Therapies for Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury \u2013 a Contemporary Update","author":"Sabir H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Seminars in Perinatology"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crpe\/1742901","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/crpe\/1742901","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/crpe\/1742901","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T09:46:35Z","timestamp":1784972795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/crpe\/1742901"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Baisakhi","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/crpe\/1742901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/crpe\/1742901","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6803","2090-6811"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-6803","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-6811","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1742901"}}