{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:37:06Z","timestamp":1786707426358,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":225,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric condition that frequently presents with comorbid depressive disorders. For patients exhibiting treatment\u2010refractory OCD and concurrent depressive disorder(s), there is growing clinical interest in the noncompetitive N\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine as a rapid\u2010acting intervention. This case report describes a 27\u2010year\u2010old female patient with severe, treatment\u2010refractory OCD and comorbid depressive symptoms, detailing her response to a single intramuscular (IM) ketamine administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patient\u2019s primary compulsion was that of handwashing, which she would partake in for ~6\u2009h per handwashing session at the time of the first ketamine administration. This occurred daily over a 3.5\u2010month period, wherein a single day would consist of up to 18 total hours of handwashing. These extreme compulsions resulted in severe in\u2010home isolation, precluding in\u2010person psychotherapy and employment. Despite ongoing management by an independent telepsychiatrist, the patient reported no symptom relief from her prescribed regimen of fluoxetine (80\u2009mg) and alprazolam (1\u2009mg, four times daily)\u2014a pharmacotherapeutic approach that may have been clinically suboptimal given the potential for high\u2010dose benzodiazepines to exacerbate obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms. Given the severity of her condition, she subsequently pursued treatment at an unaffiliated outpatient ketamine clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following a single IM ketamine administration, the patient experienced an acute, ~97% reduction in handwashing duration (from 6\u2009h sessions to 5\u201310\u2009min sessions) sustained over a 10\u2010day period. This observation highlights an acute change in the patient\u2019s primary compulsive behavior. However, concurrent pharmacotherapy may confound the results, and prospective controlled trials are required to fully evaluate the efficacy of this intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/crps\/6450306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:11:46Z","timestamp":1786705906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid Symptom Reduction Following Intramuscular Ketamine in Refractory Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Disorder: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8063-704X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxwell","family":"Angel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000348582"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190014521996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370304800202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852920001947"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1641"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(00)80028-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20299"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-7229(99)80057-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.104617"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.104209"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1751605"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.96161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000330"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109689"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Ketamine Augmentation of Exposure Response Prevention Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","volume":"18","author":"Bottemanne H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","first-page":"C52","article-title":"Subanesthetic Ketamine: How It Alters Physiology and Behavior in Humans","volume":"76","author":"Rowland L. 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