{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:55:29Z","timestamp":1773010529871,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bilothorax, the presence of bile in the pleural cavity, is a rare and potentially life\u2010threatening condition. It may occur spontaneously or following hepatobiliary interventions, with right\u2010sided involvement being most common. Patients are at substantial risk of developing empyema and require prompt drainage and intravenous antibiotic therapy. We report a 41\u2010year\u2010old male presenting with progressive dyspnea and bilious pleural effusion. Imaging and pleural fluid analysis confirmed right\u2010sided bilothorax, supported by a pleural\u2010to\u2010serum bilirubin ratio &gt; 1. Cultures later identified\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , indicating superimposed empyema. No prior hepatobiliary surgery was documented. Despite initial improvement with antibiotics and drainage, persistent pleural discharge and diaphragmatic injury warranted surgical intervention. Intraoperative findings revealed a 1\u2009cm right hemidiaphragm defect with biliary contamination. Decortication and diaphragmatic repair using an abdominal wall fascial flap were performed. The patient showed clinical improvement postoperatively but declined follow\u2010up and later succumbed to sepsis. This case highlights the importance of early recognition, appropriate drainage, and timely surgical management for bilothorax complicated by empyema.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/crpu\/3080834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:14:34Z","timestamp":1773004474000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Right\u2010Sided Bilothorax With Secondary Empyema: A Rare Thoracic Manifestation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7857-6169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aris","family":"Sudarwoko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8342-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Febriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8349-8307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donny Ardika","family":"Novananda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5923\/j.surgery.20190802.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8658343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.5185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43055-022-00733-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0218492315603214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Iguina M. 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