{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T22:28:09Z","timestamp":1773786489551,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":111,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dermatomyositis (DM) and antisynthetase syndrome are rare autoimmune disorders within the spectrum of inflammatory myopathies, typically characterized by cutaneous and muscular inflammation along with systemic manifestations. This case report highlights the evolving treatment strategies for inflammatory myopathies, with a focus on the use of anifrolumab, a type\u20101 interferon receptor blocker, in a 29\u2009year\u2010old female with refractory DM\/antisynthetase syndrome. The patient presented with classic DM features, including heliotrope rash, Gottron\u2019s papules, and malar erythema, but lacked significant myopathy. Initial therapies with methotrexate and prednisone were ineffective, and her condition worsened despite adding intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and tofacitinib. Following persistent disease progression, therapy was switched to a combination of IVIg, apremilast, and anifrolumab as an off\u2010label drug for DM. Within 5\u2009months, the patient showed significant improvement in myopathy and skin manifestations. Anifrolumab targets the interferon (IFN) axis, which plays a crucial role in DM pathogenesis. This case underscores the potential of targeted therapies like anifrolumab in managing DM, especially in cases not responsive to conventional standard of care therapies. It also highlights the need for further research into the IFN pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory myopathies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                    ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06455449\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/crrh\/5560523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T03:04:22Z","timestamp":1745291062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anifrolumab in Refractory Dermatomyositis and Antisynthetase Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3868-9096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan Bonaventure","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihad 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A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Anifrolumab Administered as Subcutaneous Injection and Added to Standard of Care Compared with Placebo Added to Standard of Care in Adult Participants with Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis)"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in 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