{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:37:08Z","timestamp":1787755028141,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":237,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32460204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32460204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In East Asia, close others (e.g., mothers) are often integrated into the self\u2010concept. However, individuals with high depressive tendencies (HDTs) exhibit a self\u2010boundary that is less inclusive of close others. The present study investigated whether HDT individuals in East Asian cultures include their mothers in their self\u2010concept. Experiment 1 revealed that low depressive tendency (LDT) participants showed a higher recognition accuracy for items transiently associated with mother compared to items transiently associated with others, indicating a mother\u2010reference effect (MRE), whereas HDT participants did not show this effect. Experiment 2 used the recollection\/familiarity (R\/K) paradigm to distinguish memory processing depth. The results revealed that LDT exhibited an MRE comparable to the self\u2010reference effect (SRE), whereas HDT participants showed a weaker MRE. HDT participants showed an MRE only in K responses, suggesting that their memory advantage for mother\u2010related information relies more on shallow processing. Experiment 3 employed the event\u2010related potential (ERP) technique with a shape\u2010label matching task, in which participants judged whether a geometric shape matched a subsequently presented identity label (self, mother, or stranger). The results showed that LDT participants demonstrated a MRE in both the N1 (70\u2013120\u2009ms) and N2 (220\u2013280\u2009ms) component amplitudes. In contrast, HDT participants showed this advantage only in the N2 component, suggesting delayed and shorter\u2010lasting MRE. Together, these findings demonstrate that depressive tendencies impair the MRE, reflecting reduced integration of mothers into the self.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/2882097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:36:23Z","timestamp":1787751383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Narrowing Self: Depressive Tendency Attenuates the Mother\u2010Reference Effect"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-326X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingliang","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuanghong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1907229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.35.9.677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000976"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17470218221142158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01751"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-013-0426-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2011.584388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsq096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1041.2020.00694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10463280440000008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","volume-title":"Attachment and Loss: Separation, Anxiety and Anger","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2023.101407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1360\/02yc9014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022108328818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022116667895"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","first-page":"651","volume-title":"Attention and Performance","author":"Keenan J. M.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.98.2.224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsr002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-004-5105-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-839X.2010.01303.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17470218211033118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20445911.2024.2395572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","volume-title":"Depression: Clinical, Experimental and Theoretical Aspects","author":"Beck A. T.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702616628523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.06.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200108000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1360\/N972017-01239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3720190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200505120-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.2.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Advances in Psychophysiology","author":"Pritchard W. S.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00186-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2010.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1017\/S0048577201990559","article-title":"On the Utility of P3 Amplitude as a Measure of Processing Capacity","volume":"38","author":"Kok A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155431"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/9996485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","first-page":"608","article-title":"The Pilot Establishment and Evaluation of Chinese Affective Words System","volume":"22","author":"Wang Y. N.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chinese Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2023.108529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.770604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16719\/j.cnki.1671-6981.2004.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.20.6.1341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14782"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029792"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-014-0690-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.787724"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.150205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2025.2554155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722000241"}],"container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/da\/2882097","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/da\/2882097","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/da\/2882097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:36:27Z","timestamp":1787751387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/da\/2882097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/da\/2882097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/da\/2882097","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1091-4269","1520-6394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-4269","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6394","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2882097"}}