{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:00:06Z","timestamp":1790751606834,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":271,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GUN 86895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUN 86895"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression is highly prevalent among young adults worldwide. While research links health behaviours, such as dietary intake, to depression, few studies have examined these associations in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs), including South Africa. This study investigated whether dietary intake was associated with risk of depression in a cohort of young South African adults, aged 20\u201330 years, as part of the Global burden of disease Lifestyle And mental Disorder (GLAD) project.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This 5\u2010year prospective cohort study was conducted in the North West Province of South Africa following the GLAD project protocol (DERR1\u201010.2196\/65576). Dietary exposures were evaluated using three non\u2010consecutive 24\u2010h dietary recalls, measuring daily intake of food groups and nutrients defined by the GBD study. Depression outcomes were assessed at baseline (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091039) and follow\u2010up (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009551) using the Patient Health Questionnaire (cut\u2010off \u226510). Logistic and Poisson regression analyses were performed, reporting odds ratios (ORs) and relative risks (RRs). Four models were tested: unadjusted, sociodemographic\u2010adjusted, total energy (TE) intake\u2010adjusted and fully adjusted (both sociodemographic and TE\u2010adjusted). For longitudinal analyses, baseline depression cases were additionally excluded (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009403).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants (mean age 24.55 years; 51.4% female; 48.6% Black) had a 29.45% baseline depression prevalence. Higher milk intake was associated with a lower risk of incident depression (RR\u2009=\u20090.94, 95% CI 0.91\u20130.98) in the TE\u2010adjusted model. Cross\u2010sectionally, higher sugar\u2010sweetened beverage consumption was associated with higher odds of depression, whereas higher calcium (OR\u2009=\u20090.48, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.76) and vegetable intake (OR\u2009=\u20090.74, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.91) were associated with lower odds after TE adjustment. Higher fibre intake was associated with lower odds in the unadjusted model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher milk intake was associated with lower incident depression, while higher calcium, vegetable and fibre intake were associated with lower depression prevalence, but not when adjusting for sociodemographic information. These findings suggest that sociodemographic context should be considered alongside dietary strategies to support prevention efforts for common mental disorders in young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03292094\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/2938819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:27:04Z","timestamp":1790749624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross\u2010Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Dietary Intake and Depressive Symptoms in Young South African Adults: The African\u2010PREDICT Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0307-4537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esm\u00e9","family":"Jansen van Vuren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) North-West University  Potchefstroom South Africa  nwu.ac.za"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council: Extramural Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease North-West University  Potchefstroom South Africa  nwu.ac.za"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4811-5830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrienne","family":"O\u2019Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMPACT (The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation) Food and Mood Centre Deakin University  Geelong Australia  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