{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T06:05:49Z","timestamp":1784181949912,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":195,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32371104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32371104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2243300005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2243300005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescents with comorbid anxiety and depression (ACAD) represent a significant mental health challenge that necessitates the identification of objective neurobiological markers for accurate diagnosis and intervention. Previous electroencephalography (EEG) studies have often relied on single\u2010domain or single\u2010feature analyses, which may fail to capture the multidimensional nature of the underlying neuropathology. This study aimed to characterize neurophysiological alterations in adolescents with ACAD using a multidimensional EEG analytical framework integrating spectral power, functional connectivity (FC), and microstate (MS) dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty adolescents with ACAD and 42 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Resting\u2010state EEG data were analyzed to extract spectral power, weighted phase lag index\u2010based FC, and MS parameters. Three types of support vector machine (SVM) classification were implemented, including single\u2010feature SVM analysis, multivariate SVM (MV\u2010SVM) without principal component (PC) analysis (PCA), and PCA\u2010based SVM, to distinguish the independent discriminative value of individual features from the effects of multivariate feature integration and PCA\u2010based dimensionality reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescents with ACAD showed marginally reduced delta power, altered alpha\u2010band FC, and disrupted MS dynamics, including altered MS class expression and abnormal transition probabilities. Among individual MS features, the transition probability from MS B to MS C showed the highest independent discriminative value, achieving an accuracy of 75% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.86. Multivariate integration of all MS parameters substantially improved classification performance, with the MV\u2010SVM achieving an accuracy of 0.95 and an AUC of 0.98. The PCA \u2013SVM model showed comparable performance, with an accuracy of 0.94 and an AUC of 0.98, while reducing correlated MS features to three PCs explaining more than 90% of the variance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that adolescent ACAD is characterized by global dynamic network dysregulation rather than isolated local abnormalities. Integrated MS dynamics, particularly when modeled in a multivariate framework, may serve as candidate biomarkers for distinguishing adolescents with ACAD from HCs. This multidimensional EEG approach may contribute to early detection, risk stratification, and targeted intervention in adolescent mental health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/4012249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:16:52Z","timestamp":1784179012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disrupted Global Brain Dynamics in Adolescents With Comorbid Anxiety and Depression: Neural Mechanisms and Classification Based on EEG Microstates"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2243-8906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shangfeng","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaohui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingjin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3877-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuejia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1340-8852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31013-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100395"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034733"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/46289"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-024-02596-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.07.895"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62633-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2024.115325"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00730"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12701\/jyms.2024.00668"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110794"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TrambaiolliL. R.andBiazoliC. E. Resting-State Global EEG Connectivity Predicts Depression and Anxiety Severity 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC) 2020 IEEE 3707\u20133710.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9176161"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2022.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90362-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.11.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2024.108266"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-023-00999-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-025-07903-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1581517"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v14.i1.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119819"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724001132"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedinformatics5010008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16914-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2024.110115"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.06.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s140712784"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"A Simple Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm S.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2014.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.06.1.p031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195372731.003.0008","volume-title":"Simultaneous EEG and fMRI: Recording, Analysis, and Application","author":"Debener S.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14511"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(89)90180-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PoulsenA. T. PedroniA. LangerN. andHansenL. K. Microstate EEGlab toolbox: An introductory guide bioRxiv 2018 289850.","DOI":"10.1101\/289850"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.02.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45289-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2004188"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2022.18.5.581"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00138"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2382577.2382579"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v028.i05"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aab2f2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/signals4010010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1544-6115.1585"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2020.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116631"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-022-00905-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.06.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00056"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2022.110514"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3037658"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112753"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-024-01888-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2023.2414"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.600606"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-080317-062007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac307"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab482"}],"container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/da\/4012249","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/da\/4012249","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/da\/4012249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:17:07Z","timestamp":1784179027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/da\/4012249"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Samraggi","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/da\/4012249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/da\/4012249","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1091-4269","1520-6394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-4269","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6394","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4012249"}}