{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T07:29:20Z","timestamp":1776410960388,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":105,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the association between household pesticide exposure and depression risk in adults, with a particular focus on sex\u2010 and age\u2010specific vulnerabilities. The analysis utilized integrated biomarker assessment and advanced mixture modeling techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional data from 6502 adults (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES] 2007\u20132014) were analyzed. Household pesticide exposure was evaluated through self\u2010reports as well as urinary metabolites (DEET, DCBA, DHMB, 3\u2010phenoxybenzoic acid [3\u2010PBA], 4F\u20103\u2010PBA, and cis\u2010DCBA). To assess exposure\u2013response relationships, nonlinear trends, and mixture effects while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle choices, and clinical covariates, we employed survey\u2010weighted logistic regression models along with restricted cubic spline (RCS), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self\u2010reported pesticide exposure demonstrated a marginal association with depression (adjusted odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91\u20132.25). Urinary pyrethroid metabolite 3\u2010PBA exhibited dose\u2010dependent relationships with depression (OR\u2009=\u20091.02 per 1\u2009\u03bcg\/L; 95% CI: 1.00\u20131.04). Notable sex\u2010specific vulnerabilities were identified; females exhibited stronger associations with both 3\u2010PBA (OR\u2009=\u20091.04) and 4F\u20103\u2010PBA (OR\u2009=\u20091.69), whereas males showed heightened sensitivity to DCBA (weight\u2009=\u20090.35). Mixture analyses indicated joint effects involving DHMB and 3\u2010PBA as notable contributors to the observed outcomes. Additionally, fatigue (OR\u2009=\u20091.26), self\u2010blame (OR\u2009=\u20091.30), and appetite disturbances (OR\u2009=\u20091.17) statistically contributed to pesticide exposure. Nonlinear dose\u2013response patterns were particularly evident among males and younger adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional analysis demonstrates an association between exposure to household pesticides, particularly pyrethroids, and an increased risk of depression, with variation across demographic groups. These findings underscore the need for further longitudinal investigation to establish causality and understand the implications of pesticide usage on public health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/4872833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:39:01Z","timestamp":1776407941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Joint Association of Household Pesticide Exposure With Depression in Adults: A Cross\u2010Sectional Analysis From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9660-0008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7756-9436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hengheng","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5986-7739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ZhanQi","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1757-1680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingxiong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00563-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(25)00044-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104461"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2023.153706"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c02705"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.125086"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13020128"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2024.110199"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jox15010012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22531-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307450"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116190"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2018.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000003068"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.754643"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-020-00276-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Sample Design, 2011-2014","volume":"162","author":"Johnson C. 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