{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:19:41Z","timestamp":1772986781303,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31871129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31871129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies have indicated substantial variations in anxiety and depressive symptoms over the course of the COVID\u201019 pandemic. However, little is known about the comorbidity rates, heterogeneous co\u2010developmental trajectories, and temporal network dynamics of these symptoms. Integrating person\u2010centered and network psychopathology approaches, this study aimed to investigate the comorbidity rates and longitudinal network structures of anxiety and depressive symptoms across distinct co\u2010developmental trajectories during the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 35,516 college students completed three\u2010wave surveys during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder\u20107\u2010item and the 9\u2010item Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively. Co\u2010developmental trajectories were identified via a Parallel\u2010Process Latent Growth Curve Model, and symptom networks were constructed using a cross\u2010lagged panel network (CLPN).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results showed that over 40% of individuals with depression also experienced anxiety across different pandemic phases. Three heterogeneous co\u2010developmental trajectories were identified: a resistance group, a persistent growth group, and a chronic co\u2010occurring group. The most influential symptoms\u2014those exerting the strongest effect on subsequent symptoms\u2014varied across the three networks. In the resistance group, \u201cAnhedonia\u201d was the most central symptom; in the persistent growth group, \u201cMotor\u201d exhibited the strongest predictive effect; and in the chronic co\u2010occurring group, \u201cGuilt\u201d was the most influential symptom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the necessity of developing targeted and individualized interventions tailored to specific symptom dynamics in different youth subgroups to alleviate the overall symptom burden in future public health crises.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/6008342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:42:31Z","timestamp":1772966551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disentangling Heterogeneity in the Co\u2010Developmental of Anxiety and Depression During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic: Insights From Cross\u2010Lagged Panel Network"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2260-1862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zijuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaochen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8294-8384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongfang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0724-481X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-022-00970-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01638-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01838-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.0846"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06176blu"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.344"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114924"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.03.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Different Trajectories of Depression, Anxiety and Anhedonia Symptoms in the First 12 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in a UK Longitudinal Sample","author":"Parsons C. 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